Radio band details for Spain. At the moment practically a bare template that could apply to most Euro countries. So - I would be most grateful for your assistance filling in the gaps... if you can help improve this page (detail-wise, I LIKE the colour scheme!), please e-mail to the EuroScanner mailing list at euro-scanner@grid9.net addressing your comments to my good friend Rf-man - thanks.
0.13675 Ham 2km band (135.7-137.8 kHz) ** new Euro band, 1998 ** --0.1485------------------------ 0.153.. LW AM Broadcasting, to 0.279 - 9kHz channels (ITU Region1) + some Nav. (NDB) 153 Germany, Romania, Algeria 162 France, Turkey 171 Russia, Morocco, 177 Germany 183 Germany 189 Italy 198 UK BBC Radio 4 207 Germany, Morocco 216 France, Norway 225 Poland, spare UK allocation 234 Luxembourg, Russia 243 Denmark 252 EIRE Atlantic 252, Algeria 261 Moscow 270 Czech 279 Belarus, Isle of Man (soon) --0.2835------------------------ Marine/Aero Navigation (NDB beacons) + Maritime Mobile (CW) 0.500 Calling, Distress (CW) 0.518 Navtex, (& 490 & 4209.5 kHz) --0.5265--MF-------------------- 0.531.. MW AM Broadcasting, to 1.602 - 9 kHz channels (10kHz to 1.700 in USA) --1.6065------------------------- MF mobile, Maritime and Aero. (OR) Amateur Radio 160m "Top Band" (1.81-2.0) (SSB used is mainly LSB) 2.182 Calling, Distress --2.85----HF-------------------- the "reeal shortwave bands"! mobile, fixed, military, ISM, SRD, and... "numbers stations". More. AM Broadcasting (around 2.4, 3.3, 3.975, 5, 6, 7.2, 9.7, 11.8, 13.7, 15.3, 17.8, 21.6, 25.8) Amateur Radio 80m ( 3.5 - 3.8) (SSB mainly LSB) 40m ( 7.0 - 7.1) (SSB mainly LSB) 30m (10.1 - 10.15) (SSB not recommended) (WARC) 20m (14.0 - 14.35) 16.5m (18.068-18.168) (WARC) 15m (21.0 - 21.45) 12m (24.89- 24.99) (WARC) Standard Frequency references, and Time signals (at 2.5, 5.0, 10.0, 15.0, 20.0, 25.0) Maritime (3kHz SSB channels) more more 2046+ 2049 intership (kHz) 2053+ 2056 intership 4146+ 4149 intership 4357- 4435 shore chs 401- 427 ( -292kHz split: 4065- 4143) 4417/ 4125 calling 6224- 6230 intership 6501- 6522 shore chs 601- 608 ( -301kHz split: 6200- 6221) 6516/ 6215 calling 8291 ch 833 GMDSS 8294+ 8297 intership 8707- 8716 chs 834-837 8719- 8812 shore chs 801- 832 ( -524kHz split: 8195- 8288) 8779/ 8255 calling 12353-12365 intership 13077-13197 shore chs 1201-1241 ( -847kHz split: 12230-12350) 13137/12290 calling 16528-16546 intership 17242-17410 shore chs 1601-1656 ( -882kHz split: 16360-16525) 17302/16420 calling 18825-18843 intership 19755-19797 shore chs 1801-1815 ( -975kHz split: 18780-18822) 19770/18795 calling 22159-22177 intership 22696-22852 shore chs 2201-2253 ( -696kHz split: 22000-22156) 22756/22060 calling 25100-25118 intership 26145-26172 shore chs 2501-2510 (-1075kHz split: 25070-25097) 26172/25097 calling Aeronautical R or ER (En-Route on fixed airways; so mainly civil) (3kHz SSB channels) more 2851- 3019 kHz 3401- 3497 4651- 4696 5481- 5676 6526- 6682 8816- 8960 10006-10096 11276-11396 13261-13357 17901-17967 21925-21997 Aeronautical OR (Off-Route; so mainly military) (3kHz SSB channels) GHFS 3023- 3152 kHz 4700- 4995 5680- GMDSS SAR 5684- 5726 6685- 6763 8965- 9037 11175-11271 13200-13257 15010-15097 17970-18027 23200-23350 ---26.175------------------- Fixed & Mobile (not aero) 26.515... CB, to 26.955 26.965... CB, to 27.405 (legal - CEPT) 26.965 01 26.975 02 +"Black" (Models code) 26.985 03 26.995 "Brown" / 3A 27.005 04 27.015 05 +27.020 "Brown/Red" (5a) 27.025 06 27.035 07 27.045 "Red" +Test/Dev / 7A 27.055 08 27.065 09 +27.070 "Red/Orange" (9a) 27.075 10 27.085 11 27.095 "Orange" +Railway SRDs / 11A 27.105 12 27.115 13 +27.120 "Orange/Yellow" (13a) 27.125 14 27.135 15 27.145 "Yellow" / 15A 27.155 16 27.165 17 +27.170 "Yellow/Green" (17a) 27.175 18 27.185 19 27.195 "Green" / 19A 27.205 20 from 20 to 40 channel num = first two decimals except 23 to 25... 27.215 21 +27.220 "Green/Blue" (21a) 27.225 22 27.235 24 ! 27.245 25 ! +"Blue" 27.255 23 ! 27.265 26 +27.270 "Blue/Grey" or sometimes "White" (26a) to 27.405 40 27.415... CB, to 27.855 27.865... CB, to 27.985 28.0 ... Amateur 10m band ---29.7-------VHF------------- Mobile. Military. "30-70 MHz (NFM, 25 KHz channel step) is only used here by the spanish army. You can browse around 35 MHz in daylight and, perhaps, can find something (except in large field exercises, there's few traffic on the band)." - email list posting 31.025... Cordless phone base, to 31.325 (duplex, split +8.9: 39.925-40.225) 12 x 25kHz channels 37.5 ... Radio Astronomy, to 38.25 39.0= MBC Meteor Burst Comms, to 39.2= (8x 25kHz : 39.0125 to 39.1875) 500-1600km range 39.925... Cordless phone handset, to 40.225 (split -8.9: 31.0375-31.2125) 40.500 Mil. Distress, Rescue (often wrongly listed as 40.050) 40.5 x 3 = 121.5 40.66... ISM, to 40.7 (40.68 +/- 20kHz) ** proposed new Euro amateur beacons band ** 41= ... Harmonised Military Band (EU1) ---47.0----------------------- Broadcasting Band I (TVE1) Euro TV 7MHz ch.: E2 47-54, E3 54-61, E4 61-68 System B - PAL and Nicam used, FM sound at +5.5 MHz "In respect to the Madrid's E2 VHF TV transmitter (situated, by the way, atop a mountain called Bola del Mundo (World's Ball), last time I saw its transmission was about three months ago (in 2000) (I use the UHF transmitter in Madrid city downtown, Torrespana, to watch the five terrestrial analoge TV chains here)." - email list posting 48.25 TV, ch2 vis. 50.0 ... Amateur 6m band, to 51 53.75 TV, ch2 sound 55.25 TV, ch3 vis. 60.75 TV, ch3 sound 62.25 TV, ch4 vis. 67.75 TV, ch4 sound There is a Euro plan (25-08) to re-organise 54-68: (boundaries) 61... Base, to 68 (split -7: 54-61) ---68.0----------------------- Mobile. Military. "The most interesting part of this band is between 70 and 87.5 MHz. There are lots of services there (most of them private companies, working simplex or, sometimes, semi-duplex). There's also an emergency service of our National Health Service (ambulances) The most important service in this part of the band is the Guardia Civil (a kind of rural police, performing also some special services) Low VHF mobile comms. They use a quite complicated system, sometimes in simplex, sometime duplex or semi-duplex, using 41 channels both in the 75 MHz segment and the 84 MHz one. If I was sure (I'm not) no Guardia Civil's personnel monitors this list, I could describe you an interesting system of doing comms here, in Madrid, by them." - email list posting There is a Euro plan (25-08) to re-organise this band: (boundaries) 77.8 ... Base, to 87.5 (split -9.8: 68-77.7) single: 77.7-77.8 and 74.8-75.2 & 84.6-85 74.8 ... Aero (radiolocation), to 75.2 75.0 Runway marker beacons ---87.3------------------------ Paging, 25 kHz 87.34 Eurosignal A 87.365 Eurosignal B 87.39 Eurosignal C 87.415 Eurosignal D ---87.5------------------------ Broadcasting Band II 87.6 ... FM Broadcasting, to 107.9 --108.0------------------------ Aero Navigation, Military 108.050... ILS/VOR/ATIS, to 117.95 (50 kHz channels) --117.975---------------------- "Airband" 100kHz spacing (original) - 1 decimal place 118.0, 118.1 etc. on air : 1 decimal 50kHz spacing (1954) - 2 decimals, new 118.05, 118.15 etc. on air : 2 decimals 25kHz spacing (1974) - 3 decimals, new 118.025, 118.075 etc. on air : 2 decimals 8.33 spacing (1999/2000) - infinite recurring decimals! new 118.00833. etc on air : 3 decimals The newer 25kHz spaced channels are rounded to only 2 decimal places when referred to, i.e. 118.02 or 118.07 because the second decimal is only ever 2 or 7 and so there is no ambiguity. For "8.33", rounded 3 decimal place Channel Names are used : --NAME-- -step- -MHz--- --rounded-- (1xx.x) 25 1xx.x00 \ "1xx.x05" 8.33 1xx.x00 / up 5 "1xx.x10" 8.33 1xx.x08333 NEW up "1xx.x15" 8.33 1xx.x16667 NEW down "1xx.x2" 25 1xx.x25 \ down 5 "1xx.x30" 8.33 1xx.x25 / up 5 "1xx.x35" 8.33 1xx.x33333 NEW up "1xx.x40" 8.33 1xx.x41667 NEW down (1xx.x5) 25 1xx.x50 \ "1xx.x55" 8.33 1xx.x50 / up 5 "1xx.x60" 8.33 1xx.x58333 NEW up "1xx.x65" 8.33 1xx.x66667 NEW down "1xx.x7" 25 1xx.x75 \ down 5 "1xx.x80" 8.33 1xx.x75 / up 5 "1xx.x85" 8.33 1xx.x83333 NEW up "1xx.x90" 8.33 1xx.x91667 NEW down Any 8.33 NAME just 5kHz higher than a normal 25kHz channel is the same freq., otherwise tune to the NAMED freq. in 5kHz steps and you'll only be 1.666kHz off... ... then : If a NEW channel name is 10kHz ABOVE an old 25kHz channel, tune DOWN 1.666 If a NEW channel name is 10kHz BELOW an old 25kHz channel, tune UP 1.666 118.0 ... AM comms, to 136.975 121.5 Distress, EPIRBs 132.0 ... 8.33 sub-band for over FL245 --137.0------------------------ 137=... Aero (OR) to 144= 137=... Satellite, to 138= Weather Satellites, 137.3, 137.4, 137.5, 137.62, 137.85 etc. Tracking. FM picture data not only too wide for most scanners (50kHz) but mind the Doppler shift too! More. Good AmSat Keplers tutorial. LEO MSS Sat. downlinks, to 138= (up at 148-149.9) Orbcomm (4800 bps FSK) 137.000= - 137.025= Primary 137.025= - 137.175= Secondary 137.175= - 137.825= Primary 137.825= - 138.000= Secondary Orbcomm 25kHz 12dBW RHCP channels, 1 per sat. 137.200 S1 137.225 S2 137.250 S3 137.2875 S11 137.3125 S12 137.435 S4 137.460 S5 137.560 Gateway (50kHz) 137.6625 S6 137.678 S7 137.7125 S8 137.7375 S9 137.800 S10 --138.0------------------------ Aero (OR) - Military 138.2 ... future Euro. SRD band, to 138.45 143.625 Space - MIR station (also 121.75 & 130.165 FM) --144.0------------------------ 144... Amateur 2m band, to 146 Primary - IARU Bandplan: EME (Moonbounce)... 144.035..CW 144.150..SSB - calling 144.3 144.4... Beacons, to 144.49 144.5... All modes 144.8... Digital, to 144.99 145.0... Repeater inputs, to 145.1875 145.2... FM Simplex, to 145.5875 (12.5 kHz channels) older 25kHz channels listed: 145.2 S8, V16 MIR (with 145.8) 145.225 S9, V18 145.25 S10, V20 145.275 S11, V22 145.3 S12, V24 145.325 S13, V26 145.35 S14, V28 145.375 S15, V30 145.4 S16, V32 145.425 S17, V34 145.45 S18, V36 145.475 S19, V38 145.5 S20, V40 Mobile 145.525 S21, V42 145.55 S22, V44 145.575 S23, V46 145.5875 V47 (Repeaters 145.6 - 145.7875, split -0.6) 145.600 R0, RV48 145.6125 R0x, RV49 145.625 R1, RV50 145.6375 R1x, RV51 145.650 R2, RV52 145.6625 R2x, RV53 145.675 R3, RV54 145.6875 R3x, RV55 145.700 R4, RV56 145.7125 R4x, RV57 145.725 R5, RV58 145.7375 R5x, RV59 145.750 R6, RV60 145.7625 R6x, RV61 145.775 R7, RV62 145.7875 R7x, RV63 145.8... Satellite Service, to 146 --146------------------------- Mobile There is a Euro plan (25-08) to re-organise 146-156: (boundaries) 151.4 ... Base, to 156 (split -7: 146.8-151.4) single: 146-146.8 and 149.9-150.05 & 154.5-154.65 149.9 ... Satellite Navigation, to 150.05 156.0250... Marine mobile (see +4.6: 160.625) and ch 6 (156.3 single) 156.375... Marine single : ch 8-17 and 67-77 156.9 ... Marine mobile (see +4.6: 161.5) 160.625... Marine base, to 160.950 (split -4.6: 156.025-160.950) 160.9750... private single, to 161.475 161.5 ... Marine base, to 162.025 (split -4.6: 156.900-157.425) Let's track the Marine VHF channels in two columns 4.6 MHz apart... ** dual freq. pairs Shore/Base Ship/mobile 4.6 MHz lower -------------------------------------- 160.625---156.025 60 160.650---156.050 1 160.675---156.075 61 160.700---156.100 2 160.725---156.125 62 160.750---156.150 3 160.775---156.175 63 160.800---156.200 4 160.825---156.225 64 160.850---156.250 5 160.875---156.275 65 160.900 private 156.300 6 intership1 and SAR 160.925---156.325 66 160.950---156.350 7 ** Now single freq.s Base/Mobile ---------------------------- ------- 160.975 private 156.375 67 intership9 156.400 8 intership2 156.425 68 156.450 9 intership5 156.475 69 intership8 ... 156.500 10 intership3 156.525 70 DSC Digital SelCall ONLY, GMDSS NO VOICE 156.550 11 156.575 71 156.600 12 to 156.625 72 intership6 156.650 13 intership4 + International Nav Safety Comms 156.675 73 intership7 156.700 14 156.725 74 ... 156.750 15 intership11 1W on-board 156.775 75 1W 156.800 16 Calling, Distress 156.825 76 1W 156.850 17 intership12 1W on-board 161.475 private 156.875 77 intership10 ** Now dual freq. pairs again Shore Ship -------------------------------------- 161.500---156.900 18 161.525---156.925 78 161.550---156.950 19 161.575---156.975 79 161.600---157.000 20 161.625---157.025 80 161.650---157.050 21 161.675---157.075 81 161.700---157.100 22 161.725---157.125 82 161.750---157.150 23 161.775---157.175 83 161.800---157.200 24 161.825---157.225 84 161.850---157.250 25 161.875---157.275 85 161.900---157.300 26 161.925---157.325 86 161.950---157.350 27 161.975---157.375 87 old, paired use 161.975 AIS1 157.375 87 162.000---157.400 28 162.025---157.425 88 old, paired use 162.025 AIS2 157.425 88 169.4250 ERMES-01 (ERMES Paging (25kHz, continuous, 6.25kbps, 4level FSK) [Hear it here!]) 16 channels, with each country having 4 "preferred" channels 169.8000 ERMES-16 There is a Euro plan (25-08) to re-organise 157.45-174: (boundaries) 162.05 ... Base, to 165.2 (split -4.6: 157.45 -160.6) 169.825 ... Base, to 174 (split -4.6: 165.225-169.4) --174------------------------- Broadcasting Band III, mobile Euro TV (7MHz) E5 174-181, E6 181-188, ... E11 216-223, E12 223-230 System B - PAL and Nicam used, FM sound at +5.5 MHz 175.25 TV ch5, vis. 182.25 TV ch6, vis. 189.25 TV ch7, vis. 196.25 TV ch8, vis. 203.25 TV ch9, vis. 210.25 TV ch10, vis. 217.25 TV ch11, vis. 224.25 TV ch12, vis. ?? --225---------UHF------------- Military: NATO band Air-Ground-Air, Air-Air AM comms (25 kHz channels) Radio Relay, Satellite 243 Distress, EPIRBS 2 x 121.5 = 243 390=... TETRA, to 393= --399.9----------------------- Mobile. Satellite. Military 399.9 ... Satellite Nav., Meteo sondes, Sat. mobile, EPIRBS, to 406.1 There is a Euro plan (25-08) to re-organise 410-430: (boundaries) 420 ... Base, to 430 (split -10: 410-420) 430.0 ... Amateur 70cm band, to 440 445.2... Civil TETRA DMO Direct Mode (Euro standard), to 445.3 446.00625...PMR446 (Euro SRBR), to 446.093 (8x 12.5kHz - within 446-446.1, 6.25kHz offsets) Spanish UN-110, 500mW Status in Europe 446.00625 1 (446.005 to nearest 5kHz, 1.25kHz error) 446.01875 2 (446.020) 446.03125 3 (446.030) 446.04375 4 (446.045) 446.05625 5 (446.055) 446.06875 6 (446.070) 446.08125 7 (446.080) 446.09375 8 (446.095) There is a Euro plan (25-08) to re-organise 450-470: (boundaries) 460 ... Base, to 470 (split -10: 450-460) 457.525... Marine on-board, to 457.575 single OR dual:+10 467.525... Marine on-board, to 467.575 single OR dual: see -10 --470-------------------------- Broadcasting Bands IV and V, land mobile (secondary - SAB) TV in 8 MHz channels - System G - PAL and Nicam used, FM sound at +5.5 MHz 470-478 21 476.75 sound 478-486 22 484.75 486-494 23 492.75 494-502 24 500.75 502-510 25 508.75 510-518 26 516.75 518-526 27 524.75 526-534 28 532.75 534-542 29 540.75 542-550 30 548.75 550-558 31 556.75 558-566 32 564.75 566-574 33 572.75 574-582 34 580.75 582-590 35 588.75 590-598 36 596.75 598-606 37 604.75 606-614 38 612.75 614-622 39 620.75 622-630 40 628.75 630-638 41 636.75 638-646 42 644.75 646-654 43 652.75 654-662 44 660.75 662-670 45 668.75 670-678 46 676.75 678-686 47 684.75 686-694 48 692.75 694-702 49 700.75 702-710 50 708.75 710-718 51 716.75 718-726 52 724.75 726-734 53 732.75 734-742 54 740.75 742-750 55 748.75 750-758 56 756.75 758-766 57 764.75 766-774 58 772.75 774-782 59 780.75 782-790 60 788.75 --790---------------- TV, mobile 790-798 61 796.75 798-806 62 804.75 806-814 63 812.75 814-822 64 820.75 822-830 65 828.75 830-838 66 836.75 ??? 838-846 67 844.75 ??? 846-854 68 852.75 ??? 854-862 69 860.75 ??? --862-------------------------- Mobile. 921 ... future UIC, to 925 (by 2005) Euro. Railways GSM system 925.2 ... future EGSM, to 935 base (split -45: 880-890) 919.1=... Telefonica Moviles, to 943.7= (Analogue) until 2007 919.1 - 934.9 942.9 - 943.7 935.2 ... GSM 900 RadioTelephones, to 959.8 continuous base (split -45: 890-915) 935.2 ... TM, to 942.8 948.0 ... AirTel, to 959.8 --960-------------------------- Aero Navigation 978... DME Ground reply X channels, to 1087 (paired with 1xx.x0 MHz) (to +63) 1025... DME Air mobile channels, to 1150 (1-126 x 1 MHz channels; 1-16 and 60-69 not used) Selected in aircraft by tuning to a paired channel between 108 and 118 MHz Pulses transmitted by the aircraft, returned by the ground station & time difference measured. 1104... DME Ground reply Y channels, to 1213 (paired with 1xx.x5 MHz) (to -63) 1030 SSR/IFF (Squalk) Ground (secondary radar - rotating), air reply on 1090 -1215-------------------------- RADIONAVIGATION 1240... Amateur 23cm band -1300-------------------------- 1,400=...Transmission Prohibited Astronomy, Space Research, SETI, Hydrogen Line. Certain frequencies around here propagate very well through the universe, so the boffins listen here for extra- terrestial transmissions. But surely the little grey men are doing the same thing? 1420 SETI@Home (+/-1.25MHz) 1,467=... Worldspace digital satellite broadcasting, to 1492 (7025-7075 MHz uplinks) more 3 sat.s, each with 3 beams of 2 TDM carriers (one left, one right circular pol.) TDMs are QPSK modulated, overall rate of 3.68 Mbit/s - 96 so called Prime Rate Channels (PRCs) having 16 kbit/s each. MP3 audio coding. 2.3MHz TDM sep. detail Receivers cover 1453.384 to 1490.644 MHz (52 centers currently: 1467.184-1490.644, 0.460 MHz steps) Orbital positions : AfriStar 21 East - 1469R 1471L 1478R 1481L (MHz & Pol) details AsiaStar 105 East - 1473R 1475L 1478L 1480R 1488R 1490L details AmeriStar 95 West - (2001) (details) 1,525=...Satellite comms downlinks - Inmarsat GMDSS etc (uplinks 1626.5-1660.5) (+101.5) more 1535-1544 FM comms, 25kHz steps 1,559=...Radionavigation, to 1626.5= 1,575.42 Navstar GPS Nav L1 C/A (military accuracy with 1227.6 L2 +/-14MHz) spread The L1 carrier is modulated by all three GPS data streams, C/A, P and Nav/System Data. The L2 carrier is modulated by two GPS data streams, P-code and Nav/System Data. The L3 carrier 1381.05 MHz is a non-navigation signal associated with nuclear burst detection. One frequency explored for the L4 carrier is 1841.4 MHz. 1,602... Russian GLONASS L1, 0-12: 1602+n(0.5625) spread spectrum 1,610=...Mobile-satellite systems, uplinks (down at -101.5) 1,610=...LEO MSS, to 1626.5= (up&down) CDMA i.e. Globalstar, Iridium (TDMA, 780km up) 1,645.5..Distress EPIRBs, to 1646.5 (Inmarsat E) 1645.6-1645.8? 1,670=...TFTS ground stations 1,675=...Meteo satellite, to 1710 1,690=...Weather Satellite HRPT (Hi-res pics), to 1710= NOAA, GOES, MeteoSat 1,710=...links, radioastronomy, GSM 1800 mobile phones, to 1880= : 1,800.30.TFTS in-flight digital phones (air-ground), to 1804.969 (164 x 30.303 kHz channels : ground at -130) 1,805=...GSM 1800 mobile phone system, to 1880= (split -95: 1710-1785) (ERO doc about usage) Standard : 1805.2 to 1879.8 (374x TDMA 200kHz channels) Digital duplex. Scrambled. Base continuous. info. 1836.2 ... TM, to 1849.4 1849.8 ... Airel, to 1863.0 1863.4 ... Amena, to 1876.6 1,880=...DECT Digital Euro. Cordless Telephones, to 1900= 1881.792..ch1, to 1897.344 ch10 (steps of 1.728 MHz) encrypted, base continuous (pulses), less than 250mW Single Freq. Duplex (Digital TDMA) - supporting 12 conversations at once per channel
Frequency multiplied by wavelength gives 300,000,000 m/s - the speed of light... or 299,792,458 to be more exact. 300 mHz > 3000 mHz 1Gm > 100Mm easier to count s/cycle than c/s ! 3 Hz > 30 Hz 100Mm > 10Mm VERY long waves! Natural 'Earth' waves 30 Hz > 300 Hz ELF 10Mm > 1Mm Bass! 300 Hz > 3000 Hz ILF 1000km > 100km Voice frequencies (sound) 3 kHz > 30 kHz VLF 100km > 10km 30 kHz > 300 kHz LF 10km > 1km 300 kHz > 3000 kHz MF 1km > 100m 3 MHz > 30 MHz HF 100m > 10m 30 MHz > 300 MHz VHF 10m > 1m 300 MHz > 3000 MHz UHF 1m > 10cm 3 GHz > 30 GHz SHF 10cm > 1cm 30 GHz > 300 GHz EHF 1cm > 1mm mainly experimental 300 GHz > 30 THz THF 1mm > 10um limits of radio / far infra-red 30 THz > 300 THz 10um > 1um infra-red light 300 THz > 3000 THz 1um > 100nm infra red > visible > ultra violet (near & far) 3 PHz > 30 PHz 100nm > 10nm extreme ultra violet 30 PHz > 30 EHz 10nm > 10pm x-rays 30 EHz > 10pm > Gamma rays