The Radio Spectrum - UK Allocations

Latest revision : 12.feb.2012   (tidied up, many updates)

A guide from 0 Hz to 30 EHz (DC to Gamma rays). The main bands, all frequencies in MHz unless otherwise stated. With grateful thanks to OFCOM (previously the UK Radiocomms Agency) for so openly publishling all you need to know... even if actually tuning in to anything other than Broadcasting/CB/Ham is not allowed, that's the rules, folks. Which is why there are no details of Private systems here... this page details frequency ranges and channel schemes that could be used for various services, but not actual, specific instances - unless the details are so commonly available elsewhere that they can't be considered secret. OFCOM themselves are now making licence details public, so the PMR bands usage is now public domain.

As recommended by Short Wave Magazine (UK) - "Excellent... well worth a look"

established in 1997 - 15 years already!
DISCLAIMER: This page is provided for interest/curiosity only. Private services should remain that way, if you listen without a licence (you can't get them) to anything other than licenced Broadcasting or Amateur Radio (& CB) you are breaking the law. Even having a private frequency stored in a receiver's memory channel is considered to be proof of intercepting messages that are not intended for you. Penalties include heavy fines and/or imprisonment.
You have been warned.

Under Section 5(b) of the Wireless Telegraphy Act 1949 it is an offence to use radio equipment with intent to obtain information as to the contents, sender or addressee of any messages, whether or not the information is passed on, which the user has not been authorised to receive.

Eavesdropping is tempting because wide-area mobile comms are obviously designed to cover a large area and so it really is quite easy to receive at least base stations and repeaters. If you say they deserve to be heard if they don't encrypt their voice traffic in any way - I would say you need to consider the harsh economic reality of replacing huge numbers of radios, but it will happen. You may think that the USA has things right, as they may listen to their public services (but not cellphones) but you can't argue with our law unless you can get it changed, and unprocessed bacon might fly. There may well be a large number of cases of the US public assisting their law officers after having heard about incidents on their scanners, but I don't think that justifies the personal details of victims of crime being known. If anything, maybe there should be a clear channel in each area that the public MAY listen to, where the police actually ask the public for their assistance. Could be tricky from a legal liability angle though! Please don't tell me you think you have a right to listen to the movements of covert investigations...

PLEASE COPY THIS WEBPAGE TO YOUR PC FOR SAFEKEEPING, in case this website vanishes.
(c) Me, 1997-2012! However... PLEASE FEEL FREE TO COPY ONTO YOUR OWN WEB-SPACE AND MAKE IT AVAILABLE TO THE PUBLIC. (CONDITIONS Please use the .JPG background, KEEP THE FORMATTING THE SAME, do not remove my comments, use a fixed width font so that it all lines up still, bolt in a replacement hits counter, and do not claim it's all your own work! Thank you)


HINT: There is a glossary at the end of this page to explain all the funny acronyms!
So what's the point of this page? Personally, I've been fascinated by the magic of radio all of my life, fiddling around with radios since primary school, and over the years having read a fair bit about communication systems and the radio spectrum, I've now got a lot of radio information rattling around in my head. I thought it would be nice to share it with the world, via the web, to show what a crowded resource the RF spectrum is; how every nook and cranny is allocated to some service or other; how OFCOM has to balance the needs of various services when they are asked for more spectrum. Also, with all that RF energy passing through your body, don't you think you have a right to know exactly what sort of emissions are zapping through you? (I'm not saying you have a right to know the content of the messages, only the nature of the delivery). Also, Amateurs should be aware of the services that could be affected should their equipment not be up to the required standard. Likewise to anyone foolish enough to consider operating an unlicenced pirate station - just don't - there really isn't any point is there? And lastly, because published books are often out of date or plainly wrong in these matters.

This revision of the page may be the last major update you'll be getting for a while. I'll keep things up to date if they change, but I'm happy with the layout and not much is changing these days. Unless new channel plans or allocations come along, this is just about it. I'll keep things as accurate as I can, but it's now too much work to go checking all the links. I've researched all the topics that interest me and I've done my best to share what I've found. If you want to know more, firstly read the entire OFCOM site, then learn to use the major search engines effectively, and join some of the many expert mailing lists.
Errors and Omissions are most likely to appear above the range of most scanners (1.3GHz), as that is of little interest to most of us, and it's mostly digital these days.
Many thanks to those who have had the patience to keep replacing the page each time I updated it. Thanks everyone, I hope it's been worthwhile - "The Author"

I think it has been VERY worthwhile, I've learnt a lot from this. I'd like to thank The Author for all their hard work. It has been a pleasure hosting the page. Thank you!! - RF-man

So if you've ever wondered what's beyond the dial on your ordinary radio, this is the page for you. Just be aware that you shouldn't tune in to anything private - if someone is talking loudly in the street and you can easily overhear, you still don't morally have the right to listen do you? If the vast amount of broadcasts and ham radio conversations aren't enough to amuse you (and the rest of what life in general has to offer) then that's quite sad. If I ever have time to switch on my receiver (to see what the propagation's like) the only bands I need to go to are amateur ones. And good music is much more satisfying. If you can find it.

In a decade or so there may not be all that much else to listen to anyway on current scanners, as almost all radio users head towards digital systems, often secure ones too. Maybe the spectrum will one day consist of just one system for mobile access to THE NET which provides for all possible communication needs - a load of buzzing noises wherever you tune, except for the long-established amateur bands. Then you scanner owners can relax, you won't be able to do anything illegal with them if you try - unless you decide to throw them through someone's window!

A scanner is already useless except for listening to the hams, airband, marine and a few businesses. Those who were only into the naughty stuff will have to adjust to a world where shopwatch schemes and the occasional search and rescue mission provide the only interest - or find another hobby. Those who are genuinely interested in radio will have no choice but to go down the amateur route.

I would say that if you have an interest in these matters, devote your energies now to Amateur Radio PLEASE! We need more activity in the bands. Amateur radio covers bands from Low Frequencies (with 2km wavelengths) to ultra-high micro-wave bands (wavelengths in millimetres) with modes ranging from good old-fashioned morse code (CW) to AM/FM speech (communications bandwidths) to advanced narrowband speech (Single Side Band) to Television (slow scan like FAX through to full motion/definition FMW broadcast quality) to digital/data modes like RTTY and Packet. Transmissions can be direct, fixed and mobile (and Maritime Mobile), via satellite, bent through the troposphere, bounced off various layers of charged particles in the upper atmosphere, or even bounced off the moon (EME), or shooting stars (MS)! And all for just 15 quid per year - bargain. Go on, prove you know what you're talking about, get a callsign soon. Even if you don't ever use it...     See the OFCOM web-page info, or the Radio Society for Good Buddies site for more details, or the UK Ham Radio FAQ. And the G7KPF Quick Links. Join and support the RSGB too, it's a good idea as they do tend to negotiate new bands for us.

Here then, is my quick tour of the spectrum of 2012, with links to other sites where appropriate.
All information sourced from freely published books, magazines and web-sites (RA,ERO), without the need for a scanner, as part of an ongoing quest to figure out what lies beyond the broadcasting bands...

Bands (MHz)


Services

Broadcasting - LW,MW,SW, 87.5-108, DAB, TV, you're invited to listen (there's money in it, or a license fee to justify!).

Amateur & CB - HF, 50, 70, 144, 430 MHz etc. Can be good, can be dull - you decide. You may listen. (The rules)

Aeronautical - "airband" - HF, 108-137 MHz. You may not listen, but it seems to be tolerated.

Maritime - HF, 156-163 MHz. Probably tolerated, but no listening unless licensed, and on-board.

...thou shalt NOT listen...

Low Power / Short Range Devices - Cordless telephones / headphones / microphones, remote control etc.

PMSE - SAB/SAP - when TV/radio/film/programme makers use radio. Managed by JFMG (2012 frequencies):
a) Radiomicrophones - carrying "programme audio" obviously,
b) Talkback - on-site comms (simplex or continous duplex) or wide-area comms back to base,
c) Links - mobile "programme audio" back to base, or Fixed links between sites.
Like the military and many low-power devices, they seem to crop up all over the spectrum! However, some of the assignments in shared bands (mainly BBC) are to cease in 2000, leaving mostly primary bands.
As Bands I, III, IV and V are designated BROADCASTING it seems logical that broadcasters may also use these bands for mics and comms either at UHF on locally unused "in-band" channels, or (also for links) in the VHF bands that are no longer used for broadcasting.
Around 174MHz is very popular for mics, as well as other parts of Band III that coincide with French TV carriers and so are not used for PBR.
Note that JFMG also deal with Special Event short-term assignments for local comms, e.g. Ascot.

PMR - channels are allocated in all bands to different categories such as :
. National exclusive,
. Wide Area Shared "G3" - taxis "T1", despatch "H4" etc. - 30kms range,
. ...& Medical (ambulance service - high band)
. CBS (follow the link for Common Base channels),
. On-site shared - dual "C2" or single "O5" - 3km range max., why not use PMR446?!
. Suppliers Light (was Short Term Hire) (up to 1 year), demo (28 days), "parking" (3 months), Test&Dev,
. specific uses i.e. Road Construction
. Simple UK Light (was 'UK General') "U3" - mobile only, anywhere in UK, 5W ERP max - Shared channels : 5 in low-band, 2 in mid-band, 5 in high-band, 3 at UHF. (in 2002 the UHF channels changed and various conditions too. No time limit now, so it's a good LICENSED replacement for SRBR and 446, 20 quid a year)
Which explains why that "spare channel" can't be used for anything else in your area!
Given that the number of users of PMR channels runs into tens of thousands ( 2003 report, 2000 report, and 1997 report) , it would be quite futile to attempt to list them all - it amazes me that publications even try.
Even worse, once a frequency/user tie-up makes it into print, no-one ever seems to doubt its validity and it's often printed way after it ceased to be used!
Fair enough to list national allocations, the general type of use for a channel - but to try and find EVERY assigment, EVERY taxi firm.... ho hum.

Military - various web pages will show that there is a world market for equipment operating in the bands such as HF, 30-87.5 (25kHz FM), 116-155 & 225-400 (25kHz AM), 470-512 etc. Note that whilst the odd Combat Net here and there may be "in the clear" any serious tactical use would be very hard to find. Frequency hopping and scrambling are used - after all, would you want your country defended by forces that could be easily monitored?
Operational use (like PMR) for base security, training, Mil. Police, MOULD etc. involves fixed frequencies, and various books show that Low VHF, Low Band, Mid Band, 406.1-420 and UHF1 are heavily used for these purposes. There is currently a general move from VHF to UHF, and the use of a TETRA system is being considered. This type of radio traffic is still not to be listened to!

...thou shalt definitely NOT listen...
(2009 update: and now everything is digital you can't anyway!)

Public Telecomms - paging, mobile telephone/data - the reason why scanner manufacturers HAD to include coverage of the 900MHz band (! there's nowt else up there to listen to). Eavesdropping on analogue mobile calls is quite rightly frowned upon.

Home Office for the Emergency Services - previous versions of this document did not mention these allocations, but as the bands are shown on OFCOM pages, and in various books, some are now included for the sake of clarity. Only the BANDS are shown, not actual frequencies in use. Do NOT listen in!


Notes

NOTE 1: Boundaries - a "equals" symbol (=) is used here to clarify a known boundary between two band sections, this usually means no transmissions on the frequency itself, but that use of the band includes RF emissions up to that point. This could be a point between two normal channels, such as the 165.04375 boundary between the last mid-band channel 165.0375 and the first high band channel 165.050, or even a "wasted" channel giving "guard band" separation between two types of service.
As an example, Band II is bounded by 87.5 to 108, whereas I try wherever possible to specify bands by the first and last channel centres, in this case 87.6 to 107.9 (in the USA, VOR tests are allowed on 108.0 just to confuse matters, so long as no interference is caused). (Some aero DME channels are tuned by selecting 108.0 even though there's no signal on 108!)
One exception is the international marine 156.0 boundary - used for channel 0 uniquely in the UK, which isn't at odds with the 154-156 use below I guess!
The RA/OFCOM usually specify bands as boundaries - hence I try here to show actual usage.

NOTE 2: Dots after a frequency signifies the start of a range, whereas a single spot frequency has no trailing dots - although this doesn't apply in the two-column section. Frequencies given relate to the center of the transmission (COFDM, FM, AM) (i.e. the unmodulated carrier with carrier-based systems such as FM/AM), or the absent carrier for SSB.

NOTE 3: Scanner folk often use the terms Simplex and Duplex wrongly to describe Single and Dual frequency systems. The term Simplex means taking turns to transmit, whether on one or more frequencies. The proper terms to use are S.F.S. (Single Frequency Simplex) and D.F.S (Dual..). Duplex only applies on telephone style systems where one party can interupt the other. Even TT (Talk-Through; repeaters) is still simplex. I use the abbrev.s Single and Dual. Any time I specify "Split" generally implies D.F.S., and details are given as base freq.s, with the change in frequency in +/- MHz needed to hear the mobile.
Even "Duplex" doesn't neccessarily mean two frequencies, new digital systems can rapidly take turns on the same freq. by time-compressing the audio data-stream!
ASSUMING you have permission to listen...
S.F.S. and TT (repeaters) are obviously very easy to monitor with just one memory (or in manual mode) and "scan delay" isn't a problem - the longer the delay the better, as many radio users seem to need a few seconds to think of a reply (TT "over" pips are generally a waste of time, most dimwits wait for the squelch crunch). This means conventional scanners are fine for monitoring amateur, CB, airband, ship-shore-ship, some PMR etc.
Private D.F.S is more tricky, depending on whether the base transmits pips to let other mobiles know the channel is busy. True D.F.S. with no "busy signal" just requires two scan memories and no scan-delay, which not all scanners allow. With "busy-pips" you'll need to be just a little smarter to catch all the action, should you have permission. Dare I suggest investing in a cheap-n-cheerful second receiver to take care of just the strong base freq.s while using the better set/antenna for the mobile side...
These difficulties could be quite easily overcome if the manufacturers thought just a teensy bit harder about the operation of their receivers. By the time they DO get such advances implemented, everything will be digital anyway!

NOTES: FM deviation and bandwidth :
Bandwidth = 2(PeakDeviation+HighestModulationFreq) ... this is Carson's Rule - a rule of thumb, but very close. For 3kHz maximum speech frequency comms :
BW= 2(5+3) = 16kHz (for 5kHz dev)
BW= 2(2.5+3) = 11kHz (for 2.5kHz dev)

"The -60 or -70dBc bandwidth is approximately twice the Carson bandwidth."

The modulation index is defined as the peak deviation divided by the highest modulating frequncy. "This would be 5/3 for NBFM and 2.5/3 for the really narrow stuff. Modulation indexes under 1 don't really work that well, 5/3 is almost 2, and broadcast FM uses 75/15 or 5. It depends on the type of Signal-to-Noise Ratio you need." Note also that true FM uses pre-emphasis per octave from 300 to 3000Hz - which matches the effect of Phase Modulation. 

 deviation v. bandwidth (not accounting for frequency accuracy)

   kHz    kHz   max  band   mod
 spacing  dev   mod  width  index
    6.25   1     2     6    0.5      narrowband experimental
   10      2     3    10    0.66     CB/10m/6m
   12.5    2.5   3    11    0.833    PMR/2m
   15      3     3    12    1        (USA)
   20      4     3    14    1.33     (some amateur)
   25      5     3    16    1.66     70cm/marine
  WEFAX    9     4    26    2.25     137MHz etc
   WFM    75    15   180    5        Band II

"Analog FM doesn't perform as well in narrowband channels as it does in 25kHz
channels. If narrowband analog is deployed, there is a 6dB degradation in
performance from reduced deviation coupled with a 3dB improvement in receiver
noise performance due to the narrower IF filter, resulting in a 3dB overall
degradation. High-signal performance is reduced and a high SINAD cannot be
achieved because some FM sideband information is lost passing through the
narrow IF filter. Also, narrowband analog becomes more susceptible to noise
pops, giving up the advantage that normal analog FM enjoys." - in other words
a wider bandwidth system enjoys a higher S/N ratio due to increased deviation,
overcoming the additional noise getting through the wider receive filter.

But, enjoy your analogue FM while you can, because everything is heading towards
digital. Currently it seems that PBR in the UK is all heading towards a couple of
competing systems using the same voice codec (AMBE+2 at 3.6kbit/s), and both
modulate the RF with 4 level FSK. These two ETSI Euro standards vary by
bandwidth and channel sharing (timeslots) :

DMR Tier II (TDMA)
  Pulsed due to Time Division with 2 slots in a 12.5kHz channel
  Motorola's MotoTRBO is DMR-II
  DMR tier 1 is used on the 8 wider channels on digital 446 at 446.1-446.2
  DMR tier 3 is a trunked system under development.

NXDN (FDMA)
  Continuous with no timeslots, narrowband (6.25kHz)
  Kenwood's NEXEDGE and Icom's IDAS
  dPMR on the 16 narrow channels on digital 446

In the amateur world, VHF/UHF digital voice comms are mostly D-Star, which is an earlier
version of the AMBE codec at the same bitrate as the above, and continuous (FDMA) like NXDN
but FM modulated as GMSK.

I expect future scanners to decode all 3 open standards if the AMBE codec is licenced.


Electromagnetic spectrum...       (Radiocomms Agency allocations page)       try the glossary at the end for abbreviations

MHz

 
  0 Hz       No cycles per second - let's call it DC!

             The planet Earth itself hums accoustically (apparently) with around 50 persistent notes 
             between 2 and 7 milliHertz. We are talking of cycle lengths of several minutes here.

--0.000001--(1Hz, 1 per sec.)---
             
  Hz         Brainwaves... (Electrical activity in your thinking-gear)
   0.1...    Delta - Sleep
   3...      Theta - Sluggish, day-dreaming
   7...      Alpha - Relaxed and receptive
  13...      Beta  - Very alert
  30...      High Beta - Paranormal powers!



--0.00002=--(20Hz)--------------
             Audible if converted to soundwaves (like with, er, speakers)

             ELF,ILF,VLF Atmo-"sferics", "chorus", "tweeks" (1.5-5kHz), "whistlers" - natural phenomena
             mainly from lightening pulses trapped in "waveguides" between ion. layers


  0.000050     UK mains AC electricity (50Hz, 240V) - 6000 km wavelength

  0.000067...  CTCSS (Tone squelch) tones, background 
               (non standard 33 35.4 36.6 37.9 39.6 44.4 47.5 49.2 51.2 53 54.9 56.8 58.8 63)
               67 69.3/69.4 71.9 74.4 77 79.7 82.5 85.4 88.5 91.5 94.8 97.4 100 103.5 107.2 110.9 114.8 118.8
               123 127.3 131.8 136.5 141.3 146.2 151.4 156.7 159.8 162.2 165.5 167.9 171.3 173.8 177.3
               179.9 183.5 186.2 189.9 192.8 196.6 199.5 203.5 206.5 210.7 218.1 225.7 229.1 233.6 241.8
               250.3 254.1 Hz   (150 Hz is a military standard)  (DCS uses 134.4 baud rate)


  --sound---------   known as:           Headphones
      0 -    32 Hz   Extreme bass
     20 -    40 Hz   Low bass, bottom octave
     40 -    80 Hz   Mid bass
     80 -   160 Hz   Upper bass
    160 -   320 Hz   Lower midrange
   0.32 -  2.56 kHz  Midrange
   2.56 -  5.12 kKz  Upper midrange
   5.12 - 10.24 kHz  Highs
  10.24 - 20 kHz     Extreme highs, top octave



  ---music---
  0.000016,35  C-1 nice and bass-y (16Hz)
  0.000261,63  C3  note "middle C"  (see Piano Tuning)
       277.18  C# (these in Hz)
       293.66  D
       311.13  D#    To double a frequency in 12 equal steps (semi-tones) to complete
       329.63  E     one octave, multiply a note by 2 to the power of 1/12th to obtain
       349.23  F     the next note.    440 (A) x 1.059463094 = 466.16 (A#)
       369.99  F#
       392.0   G
       415.3   G#
       440.0   A   used for main reference
       466.16  A#
       493.88  B
  0.000523,25  C4  the note C again. Only an octave higher. (x2, yeah?)
      4186.00  C7  a really annoying 4kHz note C
      7902.13  B7
  0.012543,85  G8  highest midi note

  0.002700..   above 2.7 kHz not neccessary for comms speech, phones etc, and so for 
               phones it's filtered out. Hence too the 3kHz channel spacings on HF.
  0.015...     FM broadcast audio is filtered out above 15kHz
  0.019        FM stereo "pilot tone"
  0.020        approx. limit of human hearing (location : Bats 30k-80k, Whales 50k-200k)



--0.003=-----(3kHz)-------------
          VLF,LF: Mobile, Fixed, Navigation, DGPS, Time Signals (20,25,50,60,66.6,75kHz)
          Enormous wavelengths are very useful for penetrating rock (cave to surface - molephones) and
          the oceans (for submarines) but the antennas need to be rather large, or magnetic loops.
          See LW enthusiasts site http://www.lwca.org
 
  0.009   UK Thunderstorm detection system, airborne and ground based
          0.0102  ex Omega hyperbolic fix Nav. (& 11.05 & 11.33 & 13.6 kHz)  ** ceased sep.97 **
          0.016   ex GBR, Rugby. A BT service, closed 31.mar.2003
  0.060   MSF British Time signal 
          0.070...ex Decca Nav. purple slaves, to 72kHz   (5f) Llancarfan
          0.073   ex UK Ham 4km band ( 71.6= - 74.4= kHz)  ** UK only, 1996 until 30.jun.2003 **
          0.084=..ex Decca Nav. masters, to 86= kHz       (6f) Bolberry Down (f=14.046666.)
  0.100   NELS Loran-C Navigation. 4MW pulsed.  Loophead,Lessay,Sylt,Soustons (90 - 110)
          0.112...ex Decca Nav. red slaves, to 117.6kHz   (8f) Jersey
          0.126...ex Decca Nav. green slaves, to 129kHz   (9f) St.Marys
  0.13347 Mobile data service (& 146.705 kHz)
  0.13675 Ham 2km band (135.7= - 137.8= kHz)   ** new Euro band, 1998 **

          Decca involved a non-radiated fundamental freq around 14kHz, and a "chain" used
          freq.s that were 5,6,8 and 9 times that of the fundamental.   Ended 31.mar.2000




--0.1485=-----------------------     [checked 2012 - wiki link added]
  0.153.. LW Long Wave AM Broadcasting, to 0.279 - 9kHz channels (ITU Region1)  + some Nav. (NDB)
          See wikipedia.org/wiki/Longwave

    153   Germany, Romania, Algeria
    162   France (FSK data), Turkey           165 to 190kHz is 1800m band in NZ (5W ERP max)
    171   Russia, Morocco (ex possible future Dutch "Delta 171")
    177   Germany
    180   Turkey, Russia
    183   Germany
    189   Iceland, Russia  ex Italy

    198   UK BBC Radio 4  (FSK data) Droitwich, Burghead & Westerglen 
          used to be 200kHz(1500m) until Feb 1st 1988... ex BBC R2  ex Light Programme  ex National Prog.
          For as long as the remaining few valves last, then it will go silent!

    207   Germany, Morocco
    216   RMC Monaco,  ex Norway
    225   Poland, Turkey, Russia   spare UK INR allocation
    234   Luxembourg, Russia
    243   Denmark, Russia
    252   EIRE RTE R1 (ex TeamTalk 25/2/02) ex Atlantic 252, Algeria
    261   Moscow
    270   Czech
    279   Belarus,  ex planned MusicMann 279 (Isle of Man)

          On old radios, French GO=Grandes Ondes (LW), PO=Petites Ondes (MW), OC=Ondes Courtes (SW) 

          A conference in Prague in 1929 provided for the 9-khz channels (then called kilocycles) in the
          Europeen Broadcasting Area for LW and MW ... "a few hadn't moved even by 1964 (MW)"

          "LW .. built around 200 Khz being a frequency check by Droitwich, so went 200,209, 218,
          ..etc and 191, 182...etc the other way.  A lot later when PLL and synthesised tuning came in,
          the channels were changed to be multiples of 9, so the LW all moved down 2 Khz.
          Before that, the MW had moved (November 1978) UP freq by just 1 khz for the same reason,
          thus 908 (then the BBC Radio 4) became 909 (now 5 live)"

          LW : " lower freqs (up to 177 kHz?) moved in late 1987, the middle section (180-225) in
          February 1988 and the top end in Feb 1990. Atlantic 252 launched on 254 kHz in Sept 1989"

          "Before November 1978 the arrangement on Medium Wave was like this:
          Most channels were 9 kHz spaced, on a frequency which was a multiple of 9 kHz, minus 1 kHz.
          For example, London Radio 4 was 908 kHz, Radio 3 was 647 kHz, and Radio 1 was 1214 kHz.
          There was one 10 kHz spacing at the bottom end: 539 kHz (normal pattern), then 529 kHz.
          At the top end there were 8 channel spacings of 8 kHz. I assume this must have been done to
          get one extra channel when the top end of the band was extended from around 1550 kHz to 1606.5 kHz.
          The frequencies were 1538 kHz (normal pattern), then 1546, 1554, 1562, 1570, 1578, 1586, 1594, 1602."

          1967, 30th Sept : BBC Radio 1 launched, and BBC Light (29.jul.1945), Third (sept 1946) and Home (sept 1939)
           are reorganised as Radios 2,3 & 4        (timeline)
           Light Prog was Forces Prog (1940) renamed for peacetime.
           Home Service was merger of old National Prog (1930, previously 2LO (May 1922))  and Regional Prog (1930)

          BBC services moved on 23.nov.1978 :
           R1 from 1214kHz/247m to 1089/275 and 1053/285
           R2 from 200/1500 to 693 and 909 kHz
           R3 from 647kHz to 1215/247              "3rd Programme was on 464m (647kHz) from 1951"
           R4 from 908kHz (and others) to 200/1500

           R5 took over R2's 693/909 on 27.aug.1990
           INR1 : Classic FM (1992)
           INR2 : Virgin took over R3's 1215, launched 30.apr.1993 - Virgin became Absolute in 2008 (sold)
           INR3 : Talk Radio took over R1's 1053/1089 in Feb 1995

           R6 Music : (digital) 11 Mar 2002
           R1 Xtra  : (digital) 16 Aug 2002
           BBC7     : (digital) 15 Dec 2002 - relaunched as Radio 4 Extra on 2 April 2011



           More history from frequencyfinder.org.uk [2012]
           1922: BBC opened the first regular public broacasting station in the world on 14th November, London.
                 MW was 600 - 1000 kHz
           1926: 25kW LW station opened at Daventry on 187.5 kHz (1600 metres), October.

           1926: On 14.Nov.1926, first of many international re-plans, extending to 1200 kHz, with 10kHz spacing.
           1929: 2 re-plans, 13.Jan & 30.June - extended to 1500 kHz and abandoned 10kHz channel spacing.
                 Frequencies allocated to countries instead of to individual stations.
           1934: 15.Jan plan, included UK LW moving to 200 kHz. This plan lasted until...
           1950: March, new plan extended MW from 530 to 1600 kHz.
           1978: 9kHz plan introduced.



--0.2835=-----------------------
          Marine/Aero Navigation (NDB beacons) + Maritime Mobile (CW)

  0.472   472-479 Amateur 630m band (WRC-12) - worldwide secondary, limit of 1 W EIRP, likely to start 2013
            (followed experimental CW/PSK 600m band 0.495-0.510)
  0.500   Calling, Distress (CW) from 1906 until near turn of 21st century. WRC-12 reallocated to nav use.
  0.518   Navtex, (& 490 & 4209.5 kHz)



--0.5265=-MF--------------------
  0.531.. MW Medium Wave AM Broadcasting, to 1.602 - 9 kHz channels (to 1.700 in USA, 10kHz ch)
          See the British DX Club's Lists.

          Channels internationally assigned to countries with maximum power levels specified.
          Hence the terms "national clear channel" etc. A country's channel will thus be used
          for either national networks or for lower powered local stations. If the international
          plan (Geneva, 22.11.1975) exists anywhere on the web, do let us know!
          (update: thanks Adam G1 ZHD )


 --kHz--  UK band plan:    [checked 2012]  see mediumwaveradio.com & mediumwave.de, Wikipedia
   558    ILR Spectrum (London),    ex Pirates e.g. Laser 558
   585    BBC regional (Scotland)
   603    local (BBC/ILR)
   630    BBC local (2)
   648    UK:  ex National BBC World Service (ceased 2011)
   657    BBC local (2)
   666    local (BBC/ILR)
   693    National BBC R5 Live
   720    some BBC R4
   729    BBC local (1)
   738    BBC local (low power)
   756    local (1)
   765    BBC local (1)
   774    local (mainly BBC - some R4)
   792    local (BBC/ILR) (2)
   801    BBC local (1)
   810    BBC regional (Scotland)
   819    local (BBC/ILR)
   828    local (BBC/ILR)
   837    BBC local
   855    local (BBC/ILR)
   873    BBC local
   882    BBC regional (Wales)
   909    National BBC 5 Live
   936    ILR (2)
   945    ILR (2), University inductive loops
   954    ILR (2)
   963    ILR (2), University inductive loops
   972    ILR (1)
   990    local (BBC/ILR)
   999    ILR + University/Hospital Radio loops
  1017    ILR
  1026    local (BBC/ILR)
  1035    local (BBC/ILR)
  1053    INR3 Talk Radio UK
  1089    INR3 Talk Radio UK
  1107    ILR + INR3 Talk Radio 
  1116    local (BBC/ILR)
  1125    BBC regional (Wales)
  1134    RSL low power
  1143      CFA tests, 11/2000, Wooferton
  1152    ILR
  1161    local (BBC/ILR)
  1170    ILR
  1197    fill-in INR2 Virgin / Absolute
  1215    INR2 Virgin (once "Virgin 1215") / Absolute
  1233    fill-in INR2 Virgin / Absolute
  1242    local (ILR/INR2 Virgin / Absolute)
  1251    ILR (1)
  1260    local (BBC/ILR/INR2 Virgin / Absolute)
  1269    RSL Brands Hatch
  1278    ILR + RSL
  1287    RSL
  1296    National BBC World Service
  1305    ILR
  1323    local (BBC/ILR) + ex RSL
  1332    local (BBC/ILR)
  1341    BBC regional (Ulster)
  1350    RSL (Hospital RSL)
  1359    local (BBC/ILR)
  1368    local (BBC/ILR)
  1377    ILR (1)
  1386    RSL
  1395      the new 'Big L' bigl.co.uk  (3 December 2009 to 25 January 2011)
  1404    RSL
  1413    local (BBC/ILR/RSL)
  1431    ILR, RSL
  1440       ex The Great 208 - Radio Luxembourg (MW closed 30.dec.1991) started 1933, LW, moved 1439 2.jul.1951
  1449    BBC local (some BBC R4), RSL
  1458    local BBC/ILR)
  1476    ILR
  1485    local (BBC/BBC R4/ILR)
  1494    RSL Tooting
  1503    local (BBC/RSL)
  1521    local (BBC/ILR)    1520 was Radio Caroline (started 28 Mar 1964)
  1530    local (BBC/ILR)
  1548    local (BBC/ILR)
  1557    local (BBC/ILR)
  1566    ILR
  1575    RSL
  1584    local (BBC/ILR)
  1602    local (BBC/ILR), RSL   (top channel of Geneva Plan)

  1611    used elsewhere, but out-of-band





--1.6065=------------------------
          MF "Fixed & Mobile" -  Maritime / Land / Aero(OR)

  1.642...Cordless phones (CT0 base), to 1782 (8x 20kHz FM), 
          handsets duplex at 47.456-47.543 MHz (12.5kHz spacing, 6.25 offsets)
          Channel 7 (1762) may use 47.531 or 47.444
          To be phased out. No new equipment after apr.2005
          Handsets on 1690, 1710, 1730, 1750, 1770 may be unapproved USA gear (base 49.86-49.93)

          Amateur Radio 160m "Top Band" (1.81-2.0) shared (SSB used is mainly LSB below 10MHz)

          1.6 to 3.8MHz mostly known for maritime use (intership, trawler chat etc)
          (3kHz SSB channels 1635-1797 and 2053-2153?)

          UK "Fishphone" Coastal Radio Stations (BT) all closed by 30.jun.2000
          used 25 paired channels :
          Alpha    2751 2006 Shetland via Wick  ex Norwick
          Bravo    2841 2277 Shetland via Wick, ex Norwick
          Charlie  2604 2013 Shetland via Wick, ex Norwick
          Delta    1659 2084 Shetland via Wick, ex Norwick
          Echo     2705 2524 Wick
          Foxtrot  1797 2060 Wick
          Golf     1755 2099 Wick
          Hotel    2625 2108 Wick
          India    1856 2555 Stonehaven
          Juliet   1650 2075 Stonehaven
          Kilo     1946 2566 Stonehaven
          Lima     2607 1999 Stonehaven
          Mike     3617 3249 Stonehaven
          November 1731 2527 Cullercoats
          Oscar    2828 1953 Cullercoats
          Papa     3750 2123 Cullercoats
          Quebec   1925 2105 Humber
          Romeo    2684 2002 Humber
          Sierra   2810 2562 Humber
          Tango    2698 2016 Stonehaven
          Uniform  2628 2009 Niton
          Victor - Not Assigned 
          Whisky   2782 2111 Land's End
          X-Ray    3610 2120 Land's End
          Yankee   1710 2135 Portpatrick
          Zulu     1866 2534 Hebrides via Stonehaven 

          Coastguards working channels & Maritime Safety Info Broadcasts - cruising.org.uk/RYA
          1641, 1743, 1767, 1770, 1869, 1880, 1883, 1925, 2226, 2596, 2670, 2691, 2719


  2.182   Calling, Distress (Coastguards)


          "...UK, where anyone could hear the Met police on CW - the operator sat next to the driver with
          a Morse key and he would send 'coded' messages to Scotland Yard, like 'X231 Marble Arch to Oxford
          Circus' which didn't take a lot of imagination to decipher.  These were the Wolsley saloons with
          the bell on the front.  Frequency again was around 2 megs and it is the 1930s.

          "The  ground transmitter was GWW (?) at West Wickham, SE of London, which later became the Interpol
          link with France (FSB) and other continental countries, still using Morse and equally obvious
          'X-codes' well into the 1980's."





--2.85=---HF--------------------    the "real shortwave bands"!
          mobile, fixed, military, ISM, SRD, and...            "numbers stations"/more Guide/Newer  SGC Guide PDF

 
       o  AM Broadcasting
          Tropical bands around 2.4 MHz (120 metres), 3.3 MHz (90 metres) and 5 MHz (60 metres)
          kHz Bands (as used by the BBC) :
           3950= -  4000= 75 metres
           5900= -  6200= 49 metres  +5875
           7100= -  7350= 41 metres  (7200-7450 from 29.mar.2009)
           9400= -  9900= 31 metres  +9915
          11600= - 12050= 25 metres +12095
          13570= - 13870= 22 metres
          15100= - 15800= 19 metres +15070 
          17480= - 17900= 16 metres
        ( 18900= - 19020  15 metres  SSB broadcasting after 2007 )
          21450= - 21850= 13 metres
          25600= - 26100= 11 metres
          Band boundaries are often ignored by broadcasters trying to get a clear channel

          Pirates, typically abused areas :
           3880  -  4000  76 metres
           5700  -  5900  52 metres
           6200  -  6400..48 metres (very popular)
           6940  -  6955  43 metres (USA main - SSB)
           7395  -  7555  42 metres
           9180  -  9400  32 metres (experimental)
          11400  - 11600  25 metres
          15025  - 15835  19 metres



       o  Amateur Radio       - Current [2012] RSGB Band Plans
          160m  ( 1.81-  2.0)   shared  (SSB mainly LSB)  (1920s)
          80m   ( 3.5 -  3.8)   shared  (SSB mainly LSB)  (1920s)
          60m   ( 5.1 -  5.405) various arrangements worldwide since 2002
          40m   ( 7.0 -  7.1)   primary (SSB mainly LSB)  (1920s)
             &  ( 7.1 -  7.2)   primary (SSB mainly LSB)  (WRC-03. Shared from 31.oct.2004, primary 29.mar.2009)
          30m   (10.1 - 10.15)  shared  (SSB not recommended) (WARC 1979)
          20m   (14.0 - 14.35)  primary (1920s)
          16.5m (18.068-18.168) primary (WARC 1979)
          15m   (21.0 - 21.45)  primary (1940s)
          12m   (24.89- 24.99)  primary (WARC 1979)
          10m   (28.0 - 29.7)   primary (1920s)
          Note: the original bands were harmonically related 1.8, 3.6, 7, 14, 28 (ex 56 band!) etc

                                UK 'Fivemegs' NoV experiments (Aug 2002, for 4 years) 3kHz channels centered:
                                5260 1st Working Ch FA  speech    USB: 5258.5
                                5280 2nd Working Ch FB  cw / narrow data
                                5290 3rd Working Ch FC  wide data / speech
                                5368 (new 1 Aug 2006 - 30 Jun 2010)
                                5373 (new 2006)
                                5400 Primary   Calling Channel FE   nets/calling
                                5405 Secondary Calling Channel FM   calling only



       o  Standard Frequency references, and Time signals
          at 2.5, 5.0 (Rugby), 10.0 (Rugby), 15.0, 20.0, 25.0 etc.


       o  Maritime     more 
          Bands :
           4063= -  4438= kHz
           6200= -  6525=
           8195= -  8815=
          12230= - 13200=
          16360= - 17410=
          18780= - 18900=
          19680= - 19800=
          22000= - 22855=
          25070= - 25210=
          26100= - 26175=
          Note the "even MHz" 2,4,6,8,12,16,18 etc (& 0.5 is a quarter of 2!)
               whereas Aero has the "odd MHz" 3,5,9,11,13,15 etc.

          SSB  (3kHz SSB channels) :
    kHz
   2182        Calling, Distress    
   2046+ 2049  intership
   2053+ 2056  intership
   2241        British intership
   2246        British intership
   2301        British intership
   4000- 4060  shared with Fixed Service chs 1-21
   4146+ 4149  intership  4B & 4C  (4125=4A)
   4357- 4435  shore chs  401- 427 ( -292kHz split:  4065- 4143)    4417/ 4125 calling
   6224- 6230  intership  6A,6B,6C
   6501- 6522  shore chs  601- 608 ( -301kHz split:  6200- 6221)    6516/ 6215 calling
   8101- 8191  shared with Fixed Service chs 1-31
   8291        ch  833    GMDSS
   8294+ 8297  intership  8A & 8B
   8364        SAR
   8707- 8716  chs 834-837
   8719- 8812  shore chs  801- 832 ( -524kHz split:  8195- 8288)    8779/ 8255 calling
  12353-12365  intership
  13077-13197  shore chs 1201-1241 ( -847kHz split: 12230-12350)   13137/12290 calling
  16528-16546  intership
  17242-17407  shore chs 1601-1656 ( -882kHz split: 16360-16525)   17302/16420 calling
  18825-18843  intership
  19755-19797  shore chs 1801-1815 ( -975kHz split: 18780-18822)   19770/18795 calling
  22159-22177  intership
  22696-22852  shore chs 2201-2253 ( -696kHz split: 22000-22156)   22756/22060 calling
  25100-25118  intership
  26145-26172  shore chs 2501-2510 (-1075kHz split: 25070-25097)   26172/25097 calling

        12359 Herb VAX498 (nr Toronto) 20:00 - 22:00 UTC



       o  Aeronautical R or ER (En-Route on fixed airways; so mainly civil)  (3kHz SSB channels)   more
    kHz
   2851- 3019   NATS: 2872, 2899, 2971, 3016  (Ireland)
   3401- 3497   NATS: 3413 (VolMet), 3476      BT: 3482
   4651- 4696   NATS: 4675
   5481- 5676   NATS: 5505 (VolMet), 5598, 5616, 5649   BT: 5610, 5670 (Rugby)   Speedwing: 5535 (Cove)
   6526- 6682   NATS: 6622    BT: 6634  +EC!
   8816- 8960   NATS: 8831, 8864, 8879, 8891, 8906, 8957 (VolMet)  BT: 8960
  10006-10096
  11276-11396   NATS: 11279, 11336  BT: 11306
  13261-13357   NATS: 13264 (VolMet), 13291, 13306
  17901-17967   NATS: 17946
  21925-21997



       o  Aeronautical OR (Off-Route; so mainly military)  (3kHz SSB channels)      GHFS
          Watch for "Airfield colour states" every hour at the same minutes past the hour.
          Volmet weather info broadcasts are easy to find...
    kHz
   3023 - 3152   3023 SAR (night)   and up to 3230= ?
   3800 - 3950
   4700= -4995=  +CCF
   5450= -5480=       5450 RAF VolMet
   5680          GMDSS SAR (day)
   5684 - 5726   5711
   6685 - 6763   6739
   8965 - 9037   9031  "On-the-hour" and H+30 "Architect"
  11175 -11271   11175 is the "triple 1" calling channel      11253 RAF VolMet
  13200 -13257
  15010 -15097
  17970 -18027
  21870=-21924=  Fixed
  23200=-23350=



       o  Sounding - investigating the ionospheric conditions by sweeping 2 to 30MHz every
          5 minutes (100kHz per second). A chirp hits 7MHz at about 2:28 into each 5 minute segment


       o  In the remaining parts of HF, you'd be forgiven for thinking anything goes  :o)
          I presume "fixed" on its own means mobile so long as one station is fixed!
    kHz
   3155= -3400=  Fixed + Land & Sea Mobile
   4000= -4063=  Fixed + Sea Mobile (4000-4060 USB, ch1-21)
   4438= -4650=  Fixed + all Mobile         +CCF
   5005= -5450=  Fixed + Land & Sea Mobile  +CCF
   5730= -5950=  Fixed + Land & Sea Mobile
   6765= -7000=  Fixed + Land Mobile (6.78 ISM : 6.765-6.795, half of 13.56)
   7300= -8100=  Fixed + Land Mobile
   8100= -8195=  Fixed + Maritime Mobile (8101-8191 USB, ch1-31)
   9040= -9500=  Fixed
   9900= -9995=  Fixed
  10150=-11175=  Fixed + Land & Sea Mobile
  11400=-11700=  Fixed
  12050=-12230=  Fixed
  13360=-13600=  Fixed + all Mobile  (13.56 ISM : 13.533-13.587)
  13800=-14000=  Fixed + all Mobile + EC!
  14350=-14990=  Fixed + all Mobile
  15600=-16360=  Fixed
  17410=-17550=  Fixed
  18030=-18068=  Fixed
  18168=-18780=  Fixed + Land & Sea Mobile
  18900=-19680=  Fixed  (18.9 to 19.02 broadcasting after 2007)
  19800=-19990=  Fixed
  20010=-21000=  Fixed + all Mobile
  21750=-21870=  Fixed
  22855=-23000=  Fixed
  23000=-23200=  Fixed + all Mobile
  23350=-24890=  Fixed + Land Mobile
  25010=-25070=  Fixed + Land Mobile
  25210=-25550=  Fixed + Land & Sea Mobile
  25550=-25600=  Radio Astronomy



       o  Cadets - CCF etc.

                 CCF (Combined Cadet Force)
                 Equipment they use tends to read 2kHz higher - 5330 etc.
          2273
          2413
          2768
          3848
          4029 ?
          4363 ?middle of a Maritime SSB channels section
          4443
   4453 - 4498   4478 4953
   4918 - 4995   4973 calling, 4918 4921 4953
   5300 - 5346   5328 5343 calling
          6913
          7708
          7751   data

                 Sea Cadets (Sunday mornings)
          6992   RL25  and RL22 6806

                 RAF Cadets (Sunday 10-13 hrs, Tues & Fri 1930)
          3236   B3
          3615   A7,B7  3678 A6     3715 B6  3752 C6
          4610   A1     4782 B2     4925 B1
          5245   C1     5770 A2,C2  5792 C4
          7450   A5     7740 A4,B4



       o  Unlicensed pirate pseudo-hams.
          "Echo Charlie" band at 6.6MHz (please let me know what EC means!) has been around for decades.
          They argue that little real harm is done on the unused civil aero channels, but a lot of
          channels ARE used, especially between 6600 and 6635. Of the hundreds of stations active,
          some do venture down as far as 6530 but "most don't really go below 6635" has been heard.
          International flight control may be affected. There may be a dozen or more QSOs at any time!
    kHz (approx)
   3430 - 3500   86 or 85m, LSB/USB    calling  3475 LSB  much aero use... SAR on 3488 etc.
   6530 - 6700   45 metres, LSB/USB    calling  6670 LSB  Italy 6660  Sweden 6685  military above 6682!
  12105 -12256   22 metres, USB                           12.105 12.13 12.16
  13630 -14000   21 metres, USB/LSB    calling 13970 USB  13995?  much data use, but not all the time
  18010 -18050   16 metres, USB/LSB    calling 18030 USB  stay above 18030, it's military aero below!
  20900 -20980   14 metres, USB/LSB    calling 20930 USB  I'd stay below 20960, if I were you.

          I hesitate to include the following because the whole approach is subtly different...
  26185 -28000   11 metres, USB/LSB    calling 27555 USB  CB "Freeband"

            



--26.175=-------------------------
          Fixed & Mobile (not aero)

          The use of HF spectrum as we know it changes near 26.1MHz, where usage becomes more 
          like VHF/6 metres - services intended to be local, rather than long-distance.

          26 (25?!!) to 28 MHz littered with freeband unofficial CB channels. (+Callsigns)   more
          Very nicely operated SSB DX, putting Amateur radio to shame!

          26.185..CB freeband Lo-Lo channels 11-40, to 26.505 (mid band - 2 x 450kHz)  26285 calling
          26.3125.unapproved French cordless phones 15 x 25kHz, to 26.4875 (handsets +15: 41.3125-41.4875)
          26.330..New Zealand CB 1-40, to 26.770 (mid band -635kHz)    calling 26.5 (ch 15)

  26.225=.Paging, to 26.9325=  25kHz     STH Paging 26.835 & 26.92
  26.25   JFMG talkback (simp) 12.5kHz 20W, and 26.35, 26.45

           26.515..CB freeband Lo channels 1-40, to 26.955 (mid band - 1 x 450kHz)
                   Allowed in Hungary AM/FM 4W mobile, 1W base - and SSB 12 or 3W
           26.565..German CB ch.s 41-80, to 26.955 (straight 10kHz sequence)

  26.87 ..future SSB CB, to 26.96 (provisional plans - 1999)
          "The UK indicted their willingness to participate in this work, although they indicated 
          that they would be opposed to introducing AM/SSB CB operation."



  EU 40 
  26.965..CB, to 27.405 (PR27) 40 FM CEPT "EURO" channels   10kHz spacings with gaps  (+/-2kHz FM deviation)
          Allowed in the UK since 1988, this is now a Euro band as agreed by an ERC decision
          in 1996. These CEPT channels are the original USA freqs, known as the "mid" channels, or EU.
          Shared with ISM, and up to 27.28= with SRD (models - AM on colour coded channels)  (USA models)

  26.965  01
  26.975  02       +"Black" (Models code)
  26.985  03
  26.995     "Brown" / 3A
  27.005  04
  27.015  05       +27.020 "Brown/Red" (5a)
  27.025  06
  27.035  07
  27.045     "Red"     +Test/Dev / 7A
  27.055  08
  27.065  09       +27.070 "Red/Orange" (9a)
  27.075  10
  27.085  11
  27.095     "Orange"  +Railway SRDs / 11A
  27.105  12
  27.115  13       +27.120 "Orange/Yellow" (13a), +ISM (2x13.56!), ex Paging (Test/Dev.),  & 27.162
  27.125  14
  27.135  15
  27.145     "Yellow" / 15A
  27.155  16
  27.165  17       +27.170 "Yellow/Green" (17a)
  27.175  18
  27.185  19
  27.195     "Green" / 19A
  27.205  20           from 20 to 40  channel num = first two decimals except 23 to 25...
  27.215  21       +27.220 "Green/Blue" (21a)
  27.225  22
  27.235  24 !                    ex 22A
  27.245  25 !     +"Blue (UK)"   ex 22B before 1977
  27.255  23 !     +"Blue (US)"   ex top channel until 1977
  27.265  26       +27.270 "Blue/Grey" or sometimes "White" (26a) or even purple!
    to
  27.405  40           27.315 31 Calling?

          Packet (AX25) allowed 20.dec.2002 on channels 24,25 & 32

          pre-1958 : USA Ham band at 26.96-27.23 very underused, and there was little business/military
          use up to 28MHz. Model control on 27.255 was inadequate and shared with all sorts of paging.
          11.sep.1958 : CB starts, on 22 new 10kHz channels in the old ham band, fitted around 5 new model
          channels later known as 3A, 7A, 11A, 15A and 19A. The old model channel was allocated to CB as channel
          23 as well as remaining as the sixth model channel. The two-channel gap between 22 and 23 gave rise
          to pirate channels 22A and 22B in the Business Band that couldn't yet be used for CB.
          1.jan.1977 : more CB channels added - there had been plans for 99 channels up to 27.995 but it was
          decided not to allow a span of more than 440kHz - to prevent intermod breakthrough to any 455kHz
          receiver Intermediate Frequency stages. The business band lost 27.23 to 27.41 to CB, the new channels
          (24 onwards) filled in the reclaimed gap between 22 and 23, and then continued up to 27.405 to make 40
          channels in all. The five newer model freqs (50kHz apart) are now part of an allocation up to 27.28= in the
          UK with channel 25 now being "Blue" (27.245) and channel 02 now "Black", amongst other interleaved channels.

          The mid channels are transposed up and down the spectrum by multiples of 450kHz to create
          extra sets of 40 channels such as "hi" and "lo", including the gaps and sequence jumps!

          26.957 to 27.283 is still an 11m Amateur band in New Zealand!

          Around 2000 I wrote: "CB should be license-free! Wakey wakey, UK!
          Very commendable, I'm sure, but licensing is really needed as a mechanism to stop idiots using
          it - licenses can be revoked. Interesting issue. Maybe a license should be for life... (unless forfeited)."
          Then OFCOM announced 23.nov.06  "measures to remove the need for users of CB radio, of which there are
          currently 20,000, to obtain a licence from Ofcom"  - effective 8.dec.2006

          2012 UPDATE :
          ECC Decision (11)03 of 24 June 2011 paves the way for the use of 27 MHz SSB CB across the British Isles
          and Europe, permitting SSB equipment (12W PEP) within band 26.96-27.41 MHz (the EU 40 channels).
          Preferred date for implementation by national administrations is October 1, 2011.
          OFCOM have said they are likely to work on this after 2012 Olympics.



  main 11m 'freeband' 
          27.415..CB freeband Hi channels 1-40, to 27.855 (mid band + 1 x 450kHz)

          27.41=...                  Alarms (27.45 12.5kHz 0.5mW)
          27.41=...                  once considered for future Digital CB, to 27.51
                                     CB in Roumanie, to 27.66
          27.5= ... Mobile, to 28    Weather balloons (sondes)

  27.555  International "Freeband" calling, USB, hi channel 12
          Callers announce the freq they'll move to, usually between 27.41 and 28MHz in 5kHz chs. Very civilised!



  UK 40 
  27.601..CB, to 27.99125  (27/81) UK ONLY - 40 FM 10kHz channels allocated 2.nov.1981

  27.60125  ch 1     MHz = (channel x 0.01) + 27.59125        Ch = first two decimals -60 +1
    to
  27.99125  ch 40    (09 was emergency monitored)    14 some calling    19 mobile (27.78125)



          27.865..CB freeband Hi-hi channels 1-11a, to 27.995 (mid band + 2 x 450kHz)

          CB can be fairly useful (when you want to speak to normal people, not just radio 
          nutters), but what a pity we're stuck with an HF allocation clogged up with 
          foreign SSB rather too often...   We need a system that allows silent monitoring, 
          like CTCSS, or (even better) a 460 MHz system as they do in the USA, Australia etc.
          NOTE: (oct98) it looks like PMR 446 will do nicely, apart from the low power.

          For the unlicensed, or simply licensed, there are three main types of radio use:
          1) Low-power handheld - now well served by PMR 446
          2) Base/mobile use that is well served by CB SOME OF THE TIME
          3) DX-ing - wasn't well served at all, leading to the 27MHz SSB and 6.6MHz problems,
             although getting onto HF legally is now far more simple.
             6.6MHz SSB should eventually ease off, and to make matters bearable for FM
             users of 27MHz I would say CTCSS is needed. I can't see 11m SSB stopping yet!
           
          There is a need for the kind of local service that allows a low-powered
          service with roof-mounted antennas to acheive local CB-like ranges WITHOUT any
          possibility of SSB interference (i.e. above 30MHz) preferably using CTCSS/DCS as
          with PMR 446. With CTCSS, and given the current demand, I would imagine 20 channels
          or less would meet the demand. A 200kHz section of spectrum allocated throughout
          Europe somewhere between 30 and 217 is hardly asking too much is it? The same
          bandwidth as ONE radio mic channel? Or extend PMR 446 with 8 more channels,
          all available to handhelds with captive antennas, but the new channels available
          to base/mobile sets with external antennas and a couple of Watts of power.




--28.0=-------------------------    [checked and updated 2012]

  28=...  Amateur 10m band, to 29.7=  primary   CW,USB,Satellite,FM      (RSGB Bandplan 2012)
  28.32.. Voice... (and other modes 2.7kHz or less), to 29.1=

  29.00.. AM usually found here, to 29.1.. maybe 29.2 ...
          29.00
          29.01
          29.02
            to
          29.10

  29.11.. FM simplex (new from 2011, officially) - still "all modes" allowing AM
          29.11
          29.12
            to
          29.20

  29.21.. All modes - automatically controlled data stations (unattended) ...
          29.21  UK Internet voice gateway - unattended
          29.22  FM...
            to
          29.28
          29.29  UK Internet voice gateway - unattended

  29.3=.. Satellite, to 29.5=   (Not much remaining satellite use! So it gets used for FM DX)
          Current operational frequencies (AMSAT)     [updated 2012]
         (29.30-29.34  probably won't annoy anyone)
          29.35-29.40  RS-15    (Semi-Operational 2012)
          29.40-29.50  Oscar 7  (Semi-Operational 2012)   & 29.502

  29.51.. FM (6kHz), to 29.69   10kHz steps simplex or Repeaters (split: -0.1) 10 or 20kHz

          Various parts of these channels used for repeaters in different regions
          with the remaining channels used for simplex.

          29.51.. repeater inputs or simplex, to 29.59
          29.6    simplex calling

                  Repeaters shift -0.1 MHz  (10 x 10kHz :29.51-29.59)

                  Region 1        Region 2      Region 3
                  EU/Africa/CIS   Americas      Australia/East
          29.61   simplex         1
          29.62   simplex         2             1 (20kHz)
          29.63   simplex         3
          29.64   simplex *       4             2 (20kHz)         * GB3CJ (20kHz)
          29.65   simplex         5
          29.66     RH1           6             3 (20kHz)
          29.67     RH2           7
          29.68     RH3           8             4 (20kHz)
          29.69     RH4           9




--29.7=---VHF-------------------  (30.0 for the pedantic. I'm going by use)
          Mobile
          military  (30.3-30.5 and 32.15-32.45 EU1 harmonised)  Combat Net Radio, etc
          + SRD, mics, R/C Models, Cordless Phones, Alarms, Hospital Paging
          Military SINCGARS 2320 x 25kHz channels 30-88 MHz, Frequency Hopped (about 100x per second over
          portions of the band - typically 1200ch) 
          or Single Channel (AM/FM voice/data) with +/- 5 or 10 kHz shift - effectively 5kHz steps.

          USA :
          30-40 MHz allocated for private land mobile use in 1947
          25-30 MHz and 44-50 MHz bands allocated for private land mobile use in 1949
          20kHz channels were introduced in the 25-50 MHz band in 1957
          Parts of 25-50 MHz allocated to Highway Maintenance, Police and Special Emergency Radio Services in 1960
          On rare occasions ion layer conditions allow the reception of these signals over the Atlantic into Europe.


  31.0375.Cordless phone base, to 31.2125 (duplex, split +8.9: 39.9375-40.1125) 8 x 25kHz channels MPT1384
          new in 1997  10mW      (4 more channels in Europe(Netherlands), up to 40.2125)
          Some countries (i.e. Spain) use 31.025-31.325, 12 x 25kHz channels (+8.9)
          Australia has 30.075-30.3, 10 x 25kHz channels (+9.7: 39.775-40.0)
         
  31.725..Hospital Paging, to 31.775
          Speech in emergency only. Returns at 161/164

          34.25... unapproved New Zealand cordless phones 25kHz ch11-20, to 34.475 (handsets +6: 40.25-40.475)

          34.925 Alarms for elderly/infirm  & 34.95  & 34.975  500uW
  34.95.. Model aircraft,  to 35.3   (26x 10kHz)  100mW  channels 55 to 90 EU
          (was originally 35.0 to 35.25 in 1987 - changed when? 1999?)
          34.995=.. Euro Harmonised, to 35.225= (35.00-35.20)  ERC/DEC/(01)11: ERC Decision 12 March 2001  

  34.5=...Marine databuoys, to 34.995=
  35.225=.Marine databuoys, to 35.5=   25kHz, 250mW

          36.5.. Prefered band for use by visiting foreigners for temporary mics use, to 38.5 (espec. 36.7, 37.1, 37.9)

  36.7    Cordless domestic audio devices, & 37.1  (18kHz bandwidth each)
          commonly stereo left/right, deregulated, 10 micro-Watts max
 
          39.0= MBC Meteor Burst Comms, to 39.2= (8x 25kHz : 39.0125 to 39.1875) 500-1600km range
                now changed their minds to (7x 25kHz : 39.025 to 39.175)
                Proposed wideband systems at 37MHz
 
          39.9375...phone handsets, to 40.1125 - see 31.0375

  40.050  GB3RAL Beacon
  40.500  Distress, Rescue (often wrongly listed as 40.050)   40.5 x 3 = 121.5

  40.66=..ISM, to 40.7= (40.68 +/- 20kHz; = 3 x 13.56)   DEC(01)03 SRD    ** proposed new Euro amateur beacons band **
          40.665, 40.675, 40.685, 40.695 Baby Alarms, etc.
  40.665..Surface models,  to 40.995  (34x 10kHz)  100mW cars and boats  channels 665 to 995
          40MHz, 41MHz (France)

  41= ... Harmonised Military Band (EU1)

          46·5=.. meteor burst communications, to 47=   UK 46.4, 46.95, 46.975



--47=--------------------------
          Band I - TV Broadcasting (405 lines b/w BBC1 until 1984 - so, great for TV DXing now it's clear!)
          UK: Mobile - SRD, Radio Mics, Alarms

          Euro TV 7MHz ch.: E2 47-54, E3 54-61, E4 61-68
          Old UK  5MHz ch.: B1 41.25-46.25, B2 48-53, B3 53-58, B4 58-63, B5 63-68 (snd. @ +0.25, vis. @ +3.75)

          DAB, if implemented here:  2A 47.936 to 2D 53.072, 3A 54.928 to 3D 60.064, 4A 61.936 to 4D 67.072
 
          There was a pre-war (1928) 56MHz ham band, and the 5m band (58.5-60) for three years post-war.

          Many imported (UK unapproved) cordless telephones... base channels :
          43.72...US(25ch) & Dutch,   to 46.97  (handsets     48.76-49.99)  more
          45.25...Chinese 10 x 25kHz, to 45.475 (handsets +3: 48.25-48.475)
          46.51...Korean  15ch,       to 46.97  (handsets     49.67-49.99)
          47.64...Dutch               to 49.99  (handsets     67.55-71.805)
          48.99..."Supaphones"        to 49.82  (handsets     67.55-71.745)

          47.0 ... Future Euro-harmonised Paging band, to 47.25
  47.3=...Alarms & Cordless phones, to 47.55=
          47.310   Security alarms,  & 47.319, 47.331, 47.356
          47.4     Vehicle alarms
          47.419   CT0 base,    & 47.431  - duplex, see 77.5125 to be phased out. None new after April 2005
          47.443...CT0 mobile, to 47.544  - duplex, see 1642-1782 kHz   to be phased out

  47.550=.JFMG, to 48.880= - talkback (base - split to 52MHz) + links
          48.3     links - 200kHz stereo, 2/30/365 days
          48.4=... also used for low power conference/touring, to 48.55=
          48.425   links -  50kHz mono, + 48.475, 48.525  ( 2/30/365 days, directional TX antenna, 10W max ERP)

  48.880=.Paging - 12.5kHz - 48.975 to 49.4875  one-way only
          48.975   STH
          48.9875  STH
          49.2625  SRBR
          49.2875  SRBR
          49.425...Hospitals, to 49.475 (speech only in emergencies) returns at 161/164

          49.5= ... 
  49.82...SRD, to 49.98  baby alarms etc.  10mW max



  6m         [checked and updated 2012]      (RSGB Bandplan 2012)

  50=...  Amateur Radio 6m band, to 52= (varies in other countries).  Primary (51-52 secondary).
          Synchronised Beacon Project (others to move by Aug 2014), Telegraphy...
  50.10...SSB/Telegraphy - International Preferred, to 50.2
            50.11 Inter-continental SSB DX
            50.15   SSB centre-of-activity
  50.2..  SSB/Telegraphy - General Usage, to 50.3
            50.285  Crossband centre-of-activity
  50.3=.. MGM/Narrowband/Telegraphy, to 50.4      (MGM=Machine Generated Mode)
            50.305      PSK Centre of Activity
            50.31-50.32 EME 	
            50.32-50.38 MS
  50.4=.. Propagation Beacons Only...
  50.5=.. ALL MODES...
            (railway track to train video over 'leaky feeders' on 50.5)
            (50·5-51·0 Ocean Surface Current Radars. Short-term, NIB)

  50.51   SSTV (AFSK) 	
  50.52.. Internet voice gateway (10 kHz channels), (IARU common channel),  & 50.53 & 50.54
  50.55   Image/Fax working frequency 	
  50.60   RTTY (FSK) 	
  50.62.. Digital communications, to 50.7=
            50.63  Digital Voice (DV) calling 	
  50.71.. FM/DV Repeater Outputs (10kHz spacing), to 50.89  (split: +0.5)   R50-1 to R50-17
  50.9=.. general use, to 51.2=   ( secondary from 51= )
  50.91.. UK gateways, to 50.95
  51.21.. repeater inputs, to 51.39 (both UK and Euro systems)
  51.41.. FM simplex, to 51.59      (20kHz channels)
            51.51   FM calling channel
            51.53   GB2RS news broadcast and slow morse
  51.6=.. general use, to 51.8=
            51.65   Emergency and Community Events, & 51.75 (25kHz aligned), also 51.77 & 51.79
  51.81.. Euro. repeaters, to 51.99 (split: -0.6)   RF81 to RF99 - 20kHz spaced
  51.91.. Internet voice gateways, to 51.94

          USA 6m band is 2x the size, 50-54!    (ARRL Bandplans 2012)




  52.0=.. JFMG, to 52.95= - talkback (mobile - split to 48Hz) + links
          52.75  links - 200kHz stereo - TX antenna directional
          52.85=.also used for low power conference/touring, to 52.95=
          52.875 links -  50kHz mono  + short term OB, + 52.925
 
          52.95=... ?

  53.75=..JFMG, to 55.75= - links (5W)
          53.8    low power (10mW) 50kHz conference/touring, and 54.1 54.3 54.7 55.4 55.5 



          Band I 55.75000 - 68.00000 MHz ... channels will be made available to CBS & PBR services... 
          ... No assignments at present...  380 dual channels

          Here is an early plan, more recently 62.75-67.75 is one block with -7 split

          55.75=... PBR, see 62.75

                    ITT Industries Ltd (0787664) 25kHz
                    56.2125 56.2625 56.3125 56.3625

  57.5=...CBS (planned), to 60.75= (split +7: 64.5 -67.75)
          60.050  GB3RAL Beacon
  60.75=..JFMG links (5W)
          61.2    Audio Distribution   & 61.7, 62.3, 62.7
  62.75=..PBR (planned), to 64.5=  (split -7: 55.75-57.50)
          64.5=... CBS, see 57.5=
             
                   67.00625
                      to     PBR Tech. Assigned (split -7)   CSS Spectrum Management Services Ltd (0784033)
                   67.19375

          67.75... Land Mobile, single, to 68=
                   some JFMG (BBC) :
                   67.75625  (split +6.94375 : 74.7)
                   67.76875  (split +6.94375 : 74.7125)
                   67.78125  (spilt +7.4875  : 75.26875)
                   67.79375  (split +7.4875  : 75.28125)
                   67.80625
                   67.81875
                   67.83125  (split +7.4625  : 75.29375)

                   69.15625-69.18125  JFMG mobile :
                   69.1625  : 82.6625
                   69.175   : 82.675


                   Tech. Assigned (on-site data/speech) i.e. for Primex GPS sync Wireless clock system
                   67.94375 67.95625 67.96875 67.98125


          Euro Recommendation T/R 75-03 (Nice 1985) set 67.5-68 as a prefered band for UK use by visiting foreigners for
          temporary PMR use by "ITINERANT ENTERPRISES AND SPORTING EVENTS", but 75-03 has not been implemented by the UK

          There is a Euro plan (25-08) to re-organise 54-68:
          61.0125 ... Base, to 67.9875 (split -7: 54.0125-60.9875)




--68=-----Low Band-------------
          Mobile, military, emergency services    (French splits -4.05, -5, -3)
          Military PTARMIGAN access links



diagram of Low Band showing paired segments



          There is a Euro plan (TR 25-08) to re-organise this band:
          77.8125 ...  Base, to 87.4875 (split -9.8: 68.0125-77.6875)   single: 77.7-77.8 and 74.8-75.2 & 84.6-85

          Various countries overseas allow FM broadcasting from 65-74 and 76-87.5 (eg OIRT), this often reaches us.
 


          68.08125= start of VHF Low for PBR, boundary
  68.0875.PBR, to 69.9875  single, dual: see 81.5875
          68.55   OFCOM plan says this is single (unpaired)
          68.625  demo/parking

          (68.816=.. JFMG, to 69.904= - Talkback base (12.5kHz - split to 75MHz) to cease in 2000)



  4m         [checked and updated 2012]      (RSGB Bandplan 2012)
 -70=--...Amateur 4m band, to 70.5=     (since 1956; when 70.2-70.4)   Countries
          Secondary (Full/Intermediate Classes only).
          started as UK (G/M/2) only, with British Gibraltar (ZB) and Cyprus (5B), and Eire (EI)
          now with South Africa (ZS/ZR), and Slovenia (S5)
          Denmark (OZ) now allows (July 2003) 70.025, 70.05 and 70.1 (max 25W, 10 kHz)
          Faroes (OY)  CW on 70.1
          Greenland (OX) (Sept 2003)
          Croatia (9A) (2003) 70-70.45 (10W)
  70.0... Beacons...
 -70.10= -Narrowband - CW/SSB
  70.185  Cross-band centre-of-activity
  70.2    SSB/CW calling
 -70.25= -all modes---
  70.25   Meteor Scatter calling
  70.26   old calling frequency (from 1950s) still in use - AM/FM
  70.270  MGM centre of activity     (MGM=Machine Generated Mode)
  70.2875
 -70.294= --FM simplex--- (12.5 kHz channels) ---
  70.3        RTTY/FAX
  70.3125 data/digital
  70.325  DX Cluster
  70.3375 data/digital
  70.350      (Emergency priority)
  70.3625 data/digital
  70.375      (Emergency priority)
  70.3875 data/digital - gateways
  70.4        (Emergency priority)
  70.4125 data/digital - gateways
  70.4250     (some use by GB2RS)
  70.4375 data/digital
  70.45       FM Calling channel
  70.4625 data/digital
  70.4750
  70.4875 data/digital
 -70.5=---


  70.5125.H.O.
          ex Fire Service mainscheme (post WARC 79), base, to 71.5=  12.5kHz AM/FM (mobile 80-81.5)
             Migrated to Airwave TETRA by July 2010

 
  71.5125.PBR, to 72.7875  single, dual: see 85.0125
          72.375  STH/demo/parking


          72.8... Land Mobile: MoD, to 76.7  (73.3-74.1 EU1 harmonised)   Helicopters allowed 72.8-74.8

          74.6875... JFMG, to 74.7125 - Talkback

          75.0  CAA ILS runway marker beacons (Guard band 74.8-75.2) 200ft, 1 & 3.5 miles from touchdown. From 1950s.

          75.2625=.. JFMG, to 75.3= - Talkback mobile (split to 69MHz) (airborne to be phased out)



  76.7125.PBR, to 77.4875  single, dual: see 86.7125 ...
  77.5... PBR, to 77.9875  single (used to be paired with 87.5 to 88)
          77.5     PBR, and standard telemetry channel
          77.5125  CT0 extended Cordless phones, & 77.55 (mobile; base at 47.431 & 47.419)   to be phased out
          77.625   once mobile paired with 82.8 base
          77.6875  Simple UK Light (was UK General)
                   
                   Four channels between 77.75 and 77.9875 were once mobile paired with base at +8.7125/8.7
                   in the 86MHz single section, between 86.4625 and 86.6875
                   A new plan now shows 86.4625 - 86.7 split -8.7125 : 77.75 - 77.9875

          77.725   well used, and 77.7375, nothing between here and 81.575 on OFCOM WTR



          78=... Land Mobile: MoD  (79-79.7 EU1 harmonised)      Helicopters allowed 78-80

                 (Thailand yellow CB at 78.0 - 78.9875)
          (78.18375=... JFMG, to 78.25875= - wide area or location talkback - 12.5kHz)
                    (78.190 78.2025 78.215 78.227 78.240 78.2525)



          80... H.O. (Fire) mobile, to 81.5= (and 83.5-84) - see 70.5
                Some vehicle-vehicle use   (Eng & Wales - not Herts)

                80-85 (mobile) and 95-100 (base) AM - used by Police starting from 1942-50 until move to 143-156 MHz
                      in 1987-89. Before that, MF regional schemes at 1.6-1.8 MHz from 1940 using telegraphy,
                      later telephony - until VHF move, 1947.
                80.25-80.3875 used by ROC/WMO in 1980s, fairly clear ever since?


            (81.5 Radio Astronomy - Interplanetary Scintillation - Cambridge +/- 1MHz?)



  81.5=...PBR / CBS - new for the late 1980s
          Lxxx = (freq - 78.2) / 0.0125       freq = (Lnumber x 0.0125) + 78.2
 
  81.5125.PBR Single, to 81.575  (nothing on WTR except RAC Motor Sports Assoc Ltd)
          81.5125 L265
          81.575  L270 MSA, Rallies (from June 2003. Was 86.4375 AM from 1976)

  81.5875.PBR, to 83.5 (split -13.5: 68.0875-70.0) or Single
          81.6625.Data only (IR2008), to 81.8875 (ch 358-360?!)
          81.8    L288 CBS predominantly (
          82.05   OFCOM plan says this is single (unpaired)
          82.125  L314 Demo/"parking" (temporary use)  (:68.625)
          82.25   L324 Data Dominant, to 82.275 L326
          82.2875 L327 Data only (IR2008)
          82.3    L328 CBS predominantly, to 82.3375 L331
          82.35   L332 Data only (IR2008)
          82.3625 L333 Data only (IR2008)


          Somewhere around 82.5 OFCOM's channel numbering seems to miss 0.2MHz :
          Now Lxxx = (freq - 78.0) / 0.0125       freq = (Lnumber x 0.0125) + 78.0

          82.5125 L361 Data only (IR2008)
          82.5875.L367 Data only (IR2008), to 82.6125 L369
          82.625  L370 Data Dominant
          82.6375      DGPS - from autumn 2000
          82.65   L372 Data Dominant

          82.6625 JFMG Location TalkBack (base) :69.1625
          82.675  JFMG Location TalkBack (base) :69.175

          82.825  L386 Data Dominant
          82.8375 L387 Data Dominant
          82.8625 L389 Data Dominant
          82.875  L390 CBS
            to              CBS "predominantly" in 25kHz steps - and 83.0125 too
          83.050  L404 CBS

          83.1    highest PBR in this band on WTR



          83.4    Humberside Fire Brigade (0129242)

          83.5... H.O.
          84  ... MoD, to 85=  - RAF, Mil.Police   (ISM at 84.0 +/- 4kHz)
                  84.3 mountain rescue



  85 
  85= ... Private Business Radio, to 87.5= 

          PBR listed so that you can avoid tuning in by accident.
          (same info can be found on Radiocomms Agency site anyway)

          Was the main place to find Water co.s, councils, AA/RAC, forestry, customs, taxis etc.

          12.5kHz channels.  
          Pre WWII VHF AM was in 200kHz channels, 100kHz in 1947, 50kHz late 40s, 25kHz 1956-1960, 12.5kHz 1969
            - first Pye demonstration of 12.5kHz in 1957. Initial Pye gear 77-83 & 94-100 MHz.
          85.1375-85.2 ex GPO/BT

          Lxxx = (freq - 85) / 0.0125       freq = (Lnumber x 0.0125) + 85


  85.0125.PBR, to 86.2875 (split -13.5: 71.5125-72.7875)
          85.0125 ch L001
          85.875  STH (:72.375)   or either, singly    Also used for demos and parking
          86.2875 ch L103

  86.3....PBR single, to 86.7
          86.3125 Land SAR
          86.325  Land SAR, secondary, some areas
          86.3375 Simple UK Light (was UK General), to 86.375 (4 ch)
          86.675  JFMG, Talkback (12.5kHz) Wales and west.

          86.4625 PBR, to 86.7 (split -8.7125: 77.75 - 77.9875)    new plan

  86.7125.PBR, to 87.4875 (split -10:   76.7125-77.4875)  no longer extends to 87.9875 (or starts from 86.9625)
          86.8125.JFMG, to 86.8375 - wide area duplex Talkback (12.5kHz) (+airborne)

          The 86.7= to 86.95= section used to be used for 10 x 25kHz links, same -10 split.

          87.34.. Eurosignal paging, to 87.415 (4 x 25kHz channels A-D) heard in UK from Europe. info. 
                  Used to be a constant AM tone with pips and doodle-doo noises, as featured in the song
                  Professionnels by Air (Premiers Symptomes), and could be heard on tuners at 87.5
                  Changed in March 1998 to bursts of FM data.   French channel is 87.39 (C)

          87.4875 L199 (highest freq. Low-Band channel)
          87.49375= boundary (above 87.4875 by 6.25 kHz - half a 12.5 kHz channel)




--87.5=------------------------
          Band II - FM Broadcasting (100 kHz channels) 87.6-107.9    RDS  Field Strength
          Independent Radio managed by the Radio Authority.
          See the British DX Club's Lists.    Tuners.  SBS.  FM DX.


          1937 : High HF    USA 'Apex' wide-bandwidth AM stations at 25 to 44 MHz, 117 MHz
          1939 : Band I     Pioneering USA FM, from around 40 MHz up to 49.9 (100kHz steps) 42.1=ch21 49.9=ch99 
          1945 : Band II    FCC allocates 88-108 for FM, June 27th. ch 201 88.1 to ch 300 107.9 (0.2MHz steps)
          1946 : Band II    FM moves from Band I in the USA - allocations in Sept 1945, moves complete by end of 1948

          1955 : 88-94.6    3 BBC Programmes start, from Wrotham, Kent (Home Service, Light & 3rd Prog.)
          1961 :            Stockholm conference plans 87.5-100. Proposals for Bands I to V by Research Department
          1962 :            Aug 28 : Zenith-GE stereophonic system tests on the Wrotham transmitter (3rd Prog.)
          1967 : 94.6-97.6  sub band opened (was mobile services). BBC services renamed R2,R3,R4
          1969 : 105-108    JRC start to use (mobile services) - and other PMR (split: 138-141)
          1970 :            BBC local radio introduced in London in 1970, in the new sub band
          1973 :            Independent radio follows, Capital and LBC (later News Direct) same sub band
          1979 : 100-108    allocated (WARC) but not all cleared for some time
          1981 :            Mixed polarisation introduced (Wrotham)
          1984 : 104-108    Broadcasting is now the primary user
          1985 :            Sept 85 to Jul 87 : use of some (relatively unusual) 50kHz steps ends (i.e. 95.85)
          1980s: 87.5-88    (end of) : end of use for base PMR (split -10: 77.5-77.9875)
          1987 :            August: UK tests of RDS
          1988 :            October: RDS launched at Earls Court Radio Show
          1989 : 97-102     (end of) : permit ends for use by 999 Services AM RT base, 25kHz ch (split: 80-85)
          1990s: 105-108    (early) : JRC mobile services complete move to 139/148MHz
          1995 : 104-108    permit ends to use the sub band for PMR
          2006 :            Dec 8 : 'micro transmitters' legalised  (50nW max ERP = -43dBm, 70dB less than PMR446!)

          "BBC sub-bands employ a "standard (2.2/5.2 MHz) spacing."


  87.6... RSLs (87.7 primary)  more
  88.0=
  88.1... BBC Radio 2  - used to share with R1 after 10pm, Saturday afternoons and Sunday evenings from 5pm
  90.2... BBC Radio 3
  92.4... BBC Radio 4, BBC Wales/Scotland
  94.6... BBC Local, Radio 4, ILR  (lower local sub-band, to 97.6)
  96.1... ILR, some BBC
  97.7... BBC Radio 1 (sub band used from 1988)
  99.8... INR1 - Classic FM (+RDS DCI DGPS - Focus FM), ILR. Classic launched 7.sep.1992
 102.0... ILR  (upper local sub-band, to 108=)
 103.5... BBC Local, Radio 4, ILR
 105.0... ILR, regional, RSLs
 107.0... RSLs, Small-scale and other low power broadcasting, to 107.9


          The FM modulation has its own spectrum -
          0-15kHz  : Mono audio (L+R)
          19kHz    : "Pilot tone" to indicate if stereo present
          23-53kHz : Stereo "difference" signal (L-R) consisting of lower and upper
                     sidebands resulting from balanced AM modulation of a 38kHz carrier
                     (phase locked to the 19kHz tone at half the freq.)
          57kHz    : (3 times 19kHz) RDS data carrier  (data rate of 1187.5 bps) 4.8kHz b.width
          60-99kHz : Subcarriers used in the USA for SCA Subsidiary Communications Authorization (Aus: ACS)
                     typically FM on 67kHz and 92kHz (14kHz bandwidth) (sometimes 41,76,78.67 kHz)
                     CCIR recommends only up to 76kHz


          Some history above was based on Overview of UK VHF radio planning.  Would-be pirates should read this!
          ...although : "the current standards work well in practice, but they do not appear to reflect the way in
          which the majority of listening is done, and may be unnecessarily conservative."  :o)
          Also, receiver standards are based upon current equipment, which may be very poor. I say to heck with that,
          assume decent equipment and let the cheapskates upgrade!

          Wenvoe R1/2 was 89.95, R3 92.125 . R4SW Oxford was 95.85;
          "All 50kHz offsets in Europe were removed by a Geneva Conference 7.12.1984 which reorganised the FM bands
          throughout Europe. The new frequencies were implemented about 2 or three years later. That was when BBC
          and ILR locals moved into their separate FM sub-bands and many UK transmitters were changed from horizontal
          to mixed polarisation. Note that almost all of the high power FM transmissions in the UK are actually on
          200 kHz spacings (odd integers). Lower power ones use the 100 kHz offsets."

          Near 107.8 was used for Local Authority Alarms until the end of 1995, now on 160.55-160.575
          and 168.2875 & 168.9375. Some old lists show freqs as 107.79375, 107.80625, 107.81875 
          

          Long distance reception is more common via the troposphere here, rather than the ionosphere...
          i.e  a "lift" rather than "sporadic-E". "Tropo" tends to improve the higher the frequency, and lower
          frequencies are not affected; whereas ionospheric "skip" builds up from HF, maybe reaching as high as
          150 MHz rarely - but leaves higher bands unaffected.

          DSI2 recommends that by 2020 when DAB is established, the band may be reduced to 97.5-108 for local and
          community broadcasting only.

          Polish DAB uses 105.008MHz




-108=--------------------------
          Aero. Navigation 

 108.05.. ILS/VOR/ATIS, to 117.95 (50 kHz channels)
          ILS within 108-112

          There was a ham band at 112MHz (USA Amateur history), 2.5 metres, from 1938 to 1945

          mil comms are sometimes reported here, usually 117-118.   & Illegal WFM bugs, sometimes.



-117.975=----------------------
 118  Air Band 
          Aero. Mobile "Civil Air Band" - NATS National Air Traffic Services, Volmet
          See Javiation's list.  RTCA. ICAO. Reporting Points
          Used by the military too, of course.

 118.0... AM comms, to 136.99166  (2280 x 8.33 kHz channels)      (USA Plan 2001-2010)
          118-132 from 1947, extended to 117.975-136 in 1959 (most private ch WERE at the top, 129.7-132)
          The use of 136 - 137 dates from 1990, shared with satellite services until 1.1.2002

          National (or wide area) channels :

 118.675  Paragliding (below 5000ft)
 119.7    'Civ / Mil Guard' (on Jeppesen charts)
 121.5    Guard, Distress, EPIRBs (100mW)   (?120.875 Distress, discrete?) satellite monitoring ceased 1.feb.2009
 121.6    airfield Fire Services
 121.65   ELT training     (121.775 & others : US equipment)
 121.7... common Ground frequencies, to 121.95
 122.1    'Mil TWR'
 122.475  Balloons primary, and Hangliders (1984)
 122.95   Helicopter Common  'blind calls when landing/departing uncontrolled sites'
 123.1    SAR
 123.45   Air-Air (now allowed since 17.jun.2010)
 123.5    'Air / Air (aerodromes without ATS/AFIS)'
 129.825  Microlights
 129.9    Gliders/Balloons - ground-ground and recovery only, Parachute aircraft-to-DZ
 129.975  Gliders - local airfield air-ground only (within 10nm and below 3000 ft).  (BGA, 1986)
 130.0    'Air / Air (aerodromes without ATS/AFIS) - mountain airfields'
 130.1    Gliders - "Primary: Competition start/finish lines;local flying  Secondary: Training"
 130.125  Gliders - "Primary: Training;cross-country locations  Secondary: Local flying;competition lines"
 130.4    Gliders - "cloud flying and relaying cross-country location messages only"
 130.525  Parachute-DZ comms
 131.725  ACARS Packet data  (Europe & USA) & 131.525   [Hear it here!]
 132.0... 8.33 sub-band, to 134.8 - for over FL245 (24,500ft/7.5km) - FL195 (6km) France (waived at present)
          Maastricht 132.635, 136.465  Brest 132.765, 133.635, 132.415, 132.510
          France has some 8.33 channels outside of this range (noted in 2002 at least)
 135.375  London VOLMET (main)
 135.475  SAFETYCOM (from Nov 2004)
 136.9... data only, to 136.975

          Private channels (mostly shared) for Airline "company ops", Servisair and other organisations
          such as coastguards, air ambulances etc :
          122.05, 122.3-122.375, 122.95, 123.65, 129.025,
          129.7-130.75 (not all ch), 131.075,
          131.375-131.975 (many 8.33 now),  132.65 (HMCG-SAR), 134.5, 136.65, 136.675
          136.8-136.875

          Unofficial air-air chat is sometimes heard on the first channel 118.0 and the "old" last 135.975
          and "new" last 136.975 ... 125.125 is also sometimes used... or 122.22... it has to be a "neat" number!

          CAA short-term : (displays, events etc.)
          121.175, 130.500 Air/Gnd
          130.675, 132.900 App/Twr
          121.925  Gnd



          25kHz channels: "Climax" offsets may be used when two or more transmitters use the same ch. at once.
          2 sites: +5 & -5 kHz
          3 sites: 1 site on nominal, others +7.5 & -7.5 kHz
          4 sites: +7.5, -7.5, +2.5 & -2.5 kHz



          In 1999 the 760 x 25kHz channels were each split into 3, with a new 8.33kHz spacing   (more/N)
          (2000 in the UK). Given that the first 25kHz channel is 118.0 and the band boundary is therefore
          117.975, why wasn't the new first 8.33 channel 117.983? Radios still start at 118.0 :)

          UPDATE - Current (2012) situation:
          Effective 24 Nov 2005, new procedures requiring all VHF voice communication channels to be indicated by the
          use of all 6 digits of 8.33 channels, and also for 25 kHz channels (say 118.025, 118.050, 118.075 etc) -
          EXCEPT 25kHz channels ending in two zeros (say 118.0, 118.1, etc)
           - 118.005 specified as "ONE ONE EIGHT DECIMAL ZERO ZERO FIVE" (8.33)
           - 118.050 specified as "ONE ONE EIGHT DECIMAL ZERO FIVE ZERO" (25)
           - 118.1   specified as "ONE ONE EIGHT DECIMAL ONE"   (25 channel - in 8.33 mode it would be 118.105)
          The use of the term "CHANNEL" for 8.33 kHz channels is discontinued. 

          Original plans for on-air use :
          100kHz spacing (orig-1949?)  - 1 decimal place 118.0,   118.1 etc.       on air : still 1 decimal (25 mode)
           50kHz spacing (1954)        - 2 decimals, new 118.05,  118.15 etc.      on air : was 2 decimals
           25kHz spacing (1974)        - 3 decimals, new 118.025, 118.075 etc.     on air : was 2 decimals 
            8.33 spacing (1999/2000)   - infinite decimals! new 118.00833. etc     on air : was 3 decimal 'NAME'

          The newer 25kHz spaced channels were (pre 2005) rounded to only 2 decimal places when referred to, 
          i.e. 118.02 or 118.07  because the second decimal is only ever 2 or 7 and so there was no ambiguity.

          When saying an 8.33 channel on air, the word "channel" followed by a rounded 3 decimal place Channel Name
          SHOULD BE used (pre 2005) (although sometimes it is just treated as a normal frequency, with trailing zeros
          ommitted, such as One Three Two Decimal Two Four) :

           --NAME--   -step- -MHz---           --rounded--
           (1xx.x)    25     1xx.x00 \
           "1xx.x05"   8.33  1xx.x00 /         up 5
           "1xx.x10"   8.33  1xx.x08333   NEW  up
           "1xx.x15"   8.33  1xx.x16667   NEW  down
           "1xx.x2"   25     1xx.x25 \         down 5
           "1xx.x30"   8.33  1xx.x25 /         up 5
           "1xx.x35"   8.33  1xx.x33333   NEW  up
           "1xx.x40"   8.33  1xx.x41667   NEW  down
           (1xx.x5)   25     1xx.x50 \
           "1xx.x55"   8.33  1xx.x50 /         up 5
           "1xx.x60"   8.33  1xx.x58333   NEW  up
           "1xx.x65"   8.33  1xx.x66667   NEW  down
           "1xx.x7"   25     1xx.x75 \         down 5
           "1xx.x80"   8.33  1xx.x75 /         up 5
           "1xx.x85"   8.33  1xx.x83333   NEW  up
           "1xx.x90"   8.33  1xx.x91667   NEW  down

          Any 8.33 NAME just 5kHz higher than a normal 25kHz channel is the same freq.,
          otherwise tune to the NAMED freq. in 5kHz steps and you'll only be 1.666kHz off...
          ... then :
            If a NEW channel name is 10kHz ABOVE an old 25kHz channel, tune DOWN 1.666
            If a NEW channel name is 10kHz BELOW an old 25kHz channel, tune  UP  1.666



          "..introduction of Mandatory Carriage of 8.33 kHz .. capable radio equipment was 7th October 1999"
          - AUSTRIA BELGIUM FRANCE GERMANY LUXEMBOURG NETHERLANDS SWITZERLAND

          "22 States (incl. UK) will start implementating 8.33 kHz .. from the 31 October 2002"

          However, don't panic about needing new equipment, 8.33 is only used in a small segment of the band,
          and not for local traffic. You'll be able to enter frequencies using 5 or 10kHz steps and not be more than
          1.66 kHz out, and likewise you'll still be able to search in 10kHz steps and that will be faster then 8.33!
          It's no more likely than now that two adjacent channels will be strongly in use at any one location.
          In any case, the great thing about airband as far as searching goes, is that the controllers TELL the pilots
          what frequency to go to next - so finding any new channels isn't really that hard!

          The ITU's VDL-3, "VHF Data Link - Mode 3", solution is for digital TDMA on existing 25kHz channels.
          The USA FCC adopted this as NexCom (not yet in use). VDL-3 retains AM capability, but also uses 8-phase
          shift keying, giving 4 time slots within 120ms frames, providing for a mix of digital voice and data.
          Coverage of 112-117.975 is included in the spec.s - and they haven't decided about the UHF band yet.



          Due to Earth curvature, an aircraft :
          at  1,000ft is level with you when it is   62.3km away  (38.7 miles)
          at  3,000ft /           914m  when it is  107.9km away  (67.0 miles)
          at 10,000ft / FL100 /  3048m  when it is  197.0km away (122.4 miles)
          at 20,000ft / FL200 /  6096m  when it is  278.5km away (173.0 miles)
          at 35,500ft / FL355 / 10.82km when it is  370.9km away (230.5 miles)
          at 50,000ft / FL500 / 15.24km when it is  440 km  away (273.4 miles)
          an e.g. shuttle orb. 240km    when it is 1721 km  away *
            * i.e. 'directly overhead a point on the ground that is X km away'

          Line of sight range to the horizon (miles) =  the square root of  ( 1.5  x  the_altitude_in_feet )
          ( Thanks to Wikipedia: Horizon )



          "According to ICAO Annex 10, all enroute & approach VHF Tx's are limited to 50 watts output power;
          in the aerodrome no figure is stated but TX's must be able to be received at 4,000 ft above
          aerodrome elev at 25nm from the AD ARP (Aerodrome Reference Point)" - "designated operational
          coverage (DOC) for an approach service 25nm 10,000ft."




-137=-----Mid Band-------------
          Mobile, military, Aero OR, emergency services      (French splits +/-4.6)
          Military PTARMIGAN access links

 137=...  Aero (OR) to 144=

 137=...  Satellite, to 138=

          Weather Satellites, 137.3, 137.4, 137.5, 137.62, 137.85 etc.   Tracking.
          FM picture data not only too wide for most scanners (50kHz best) but mind the Doppler shift too!
          More.   Good AmSat Keplers tutorial.

          LEO MSS Sat. downlinks, to 138= (up at 148-149.9)   Orbcomm (4800 bps FSK)
          137.000= - 137.025= Primary
          137.025= - 137.175= Secondary
          137.175= - 137.825= Primary
          137.825= - 138.000= Secondary

          Orbcomm 25kHz 12dBW RHCP channels, 1 per sat.
          137.200  S1
          137.225  S2
          137.250  S3
          137.2875 S11
          137.3125 S12
          137.435  S4
          137.460  S5
          137.560  Gateway (50kHz)
          137.6625 S6
          137.678  S7
          137.7125 S8
          137.7375 S9
          137.800  S10



 138=...  MoD, to 143  ( Euro harmonised military band to 144= )
          Some FM at 142, split +7.1


          137.975..Paging, to 138.2 (25kHz channels) Vodafone and Pageone   except 138.05 and 138.1
                   Police: had 4 x FM air-ground-air ch.s at +/- 6.25kHz around 138.1 & 138.3

          138.2=...future Euro. SRD band, to 138.45=
 
          138.7   SAR secondary


 139.5125=PBR, to 140.4875= (split +8.5: 148.01875-148.98125)  Trunked. 
          Some remaining use in Fuel/Power industry, recently also used by Transport (buses).
          139.51875---148.01875
                   to
          140.48125---148.98125

          "J Band" still exclusively managed by JRC :
          was Elec. (up to J57 139.95625) and Gas (J59 139.98125 upwards) industries. MPT1327 spec. Phased in, 1989-95

          139.51875-140.48125 J22-J99, 76 main ch 12.5kHz spaced (no J01-J21) 6.25kHz offsets   (RA's M802-M879)
          139.525  -140.475   K22-K98, interleaved (J+6.25kHz)                                  (RA's M902-M978)
          JRC paging in channel K90/M884/M887 140.375/148.875  (single at J90/M883/M886 below & J91/M885/M888 above)

          9 sets of 8 channels for cellular plan :

            ---Elec----  ----Gas---- plan (final page) (14MB file!)
             1  2  3  4   5  6  7  8
          A 22 31 40 49  64 74 84 94
          B 23 32 41 50  65 75 85 95
          C 24 33 42 51  66 76 86 96
          D 25 34 43 52  67 77 87 97
          E 26 35 44 53  59 69 79 89
          F 27 36 45 54  60 70 80 98
          G 28 37 46 55  61 71 81 99
          H 29 38 47 56  62 72 82 92
          K 30 39 48 57  63 73 83 93
                     58  68 78 88   -- Coal

          Disused by most of the gas industry by 2004, and some elec. too




          1969 to early 90s (by 1995) : 138-141 MHz and the top of Band II was used for PMR; JRC (84 ch), rail
          138.01875.. Middle Band, to 140.94375 (split -33: 105.01875-107.94375) AM, 12.5kHz channels (6.25kHz offsets)
          (channel 122 at 139.51875 became J22 by replacing the 1 with a J)
          Channel 1 at 138.00625 was never used
          (old 140.96875 STH channel no longer used)


          Some JFMG (Base) in the Channel Islands at 139.55 (GU) & 139.575 (GJ), and simplex at 139.65

          Common freq.s used for illegal NFM bugs 140.0 (B), 139.97 (A), 139.94 (C)



 141=...  JFMG, wide area Talkback (75kHz max), to 141.5= (previously 141.9=)   6.25 kHz offsets
          Simplex and duplex (split: mobiles at 212MHz). +airborne.   Not in Channel Islands.
(140.993  London only)
 141.006..ILR, to 141.193
 141.206..BBC radio, to 141.256
 141.268  not available to BBC - & 141.281
 141.293..BBC radio, to 141.318  (.318 BBC News)
 141.375  BBC 75kHz wideband
 141.418  BBC
 141.4625 BBC 75kHz wideband



          "142·5-143·0 MHz is for Mobile services and not restricted to Land Mobile"

          143.0=... H.O., to 144= - see 152      (143.975 Air-ground-air alloc., not known if used)
          143.625  Space - ISS station (143.6-143.65) - also 121.75 & 130.165 FM  (ex MIR)

          143.75..  unauthorised use by Hang gliders and para gliders, to 143.95 (calling 143.95)



  2m       [checked and updated 2012]      (RSGB Bandplan 2012)
 144=...  Amateur 2m band, to 146=  (1947)  Primary - IARU Bandplan:      range

 144.0... CW,MGM  incl. EME CW,MGM (Moonbounce)...
          144.138 PSK31
 144.15.. SSB,CW,MGM   (no Machine Generated Modes 144.18-144.36)
          144.175 Microwave talk-back 	
          144.2    MS calling
          144.25   GB2RS/Slow Morse
          144.3    SSB calling
          144.370  MGM calling
 144.4... Beacons...
 144.5... All modes
          144.5    SSTV calling
          144.525  SSB ATV Talkback
          144.6    RTTY
          144.6125 Digital Voice (single) - D-Star
          144.625  Emergency/Events priority, to 144.675
          144.7    FAX
          144.725  in the south - you'll appear on F5ZBF (Caen 145.325) when there's a lift!
          144.75   ATV Talkback
          144.775  Emergency/Events priority, to 144.7875
 144.794= Digital, Gateways, to 144.99
          144.8    APRS, other digital
          144.825  Internet Voice Gateways   & 144.8375
          144.85   AX25,Nodes,TCP/IP, to 144.975

 145.0... Repeater inputs, to 145.1875

 145.2... FM Simplex, to 145.5875 (12.5 kHz channels - +/-2.5kHz maximum FM deviation, 11kHz b/w)

          Are V channel numbers supposed to make life easier?!
          (These originated from the Tel Aviv conference in 1996)
          Oh yes, 145.7375, let's see... 7.375 times 8... 59 of course.
          We can all do that in our heads, can't we?
          If it's not simple and intuitive (for telling a contact to QSY)
          then what IS the point? Saying "decimal 73" will do the job better.

          List of mostly the old S channels (from 1970s, 25kHz spaced, +/-5kHz deviation, 16kHz bandwidth) :

 145.2    S8,  V16   Raynet priority, MIR (with 145.8)
 145.2125      V17   internet voice gateways, and 145.2375, 145.2875, 145.3375 (ex 145.2625)
 145.225  S9,  V18   Raynet priority
 145.25   S10, V20   Slow Morse
 145.275  S11, V22
 145.3    S12, V24   RTTY Local
 145.325  S13, V26   + French R8b  F5ZBF repeater Caen (split: normal -0.6)  French Repeaters map/info
 145.35   S14, V28   + French R9b
 145.375  S15, V30   + French R10b
 145.4    S16, V32   + French R11b
 145.425  S17, V34   + French R12b
 145.45   S18, V36
 145.475  S19, V38
 145.5    S20, V40   FM calling channel
 145.525  S21, V42   GB2RS news, Sundays
 145.55   S22, V44   Rally talk-in
 145.575  S23, V46   Future RV46 repeaters
 145.5875      V47   Future RV47 repeaters
          (Repeaters 145.6 - 145.7875, split: -0.6) -  UK repeaters started in 1972
 145.600  R0,  RV48
 145.6125 R0x, RV49
 145.625  R1,  RV50
 145.6375 R1x, RV51
 145.650  R2,  RV52
 145.6625 R2x, RV53
 145.675  R3,  RV54
 145.6875 R3x, RV55
 145.700  R4,  RV56
 145.7125 R4x, RV57
 145.725  R5,  RV58
 145.7375 R5x, RV59
 145.750  R6,  RV60
 145.7625 R6x, RV61
 145.775  R7,  RV62
 145.7875 R7x, RV63    (was proposed 16kHz data links in 1998, on 145.790)

          UK FM Repeater callsigns start with GB3 --· -··· ···--
          Sometimes CW IDs start with totally pointless and confusing DE ('from')  -·· ·

          CTCSS access mandatory for new repeaters since 2004, replacing 1750Hz tone burst.
          European repeaters use CTCSS up to 141.3 Hz or more.
          UK Tones & Morse :
          A 67 ·-  B 71.9 -···  C 77 -·-·  D 82.5 -··  E 88.5 ·  F 94.8 ··-·  G 103.5 --·  H 110.9 ····  J 118.8 ·---

          "the main reason for establishing a Repeater is for the purpose of providing improved communications for
           those operating mobile stations and fixed stations in difficult terrain." - OFCOM Guide To Repeater Licensing

          Repeater DX : Belgium  Denmark  France  Germany  Nederland  [2012]



 145.8=...Satellite Service, to 146=        [updated 2012 with current links]
          Current operational frequencies (AMSAT)     & AMSAT News

          Typical doppler shifts : 300-2000km Low Earth Orbit  +/-3.5kHz at 2m, +/-10kHz at 70cm
          ( Radius of the Earth = 6370km, 'Great Circle' circumference of the Earth = 40,000km )

-146=--------

          USA 2m band is 2x the size, 144-148!    (ARRL Bandplans 2012)



          146=...H.O., see 154


          148=...JRC,LEO, see 139.5 and 137
          (Some JFMG in the Channel Islands at 148.575 & 148.725 - mobile)
          148.875  H.O


 149... MoD, to 154

          German 'Freenet' licence-free two-way
          149.025  1
          149.0375 2
          149.050  3
          149.0875 4
          149.100  5
          149.1125 6

          149.61   US GES uplink
          149.9=...Satellite Navigation & MSS uplinks, to 150.05=
                   149.91 149.94 149.97 150.00 150.03      149.985 NIMS
          150.05=..Radio Astronomy, to 152=  PRIMARY exclusive
                   + Oil-slick markers (150.5= - 150.55=)
                   151.625  unlicensed USA red "DOT" radios (more) +151.955 purple, 154.57 blue/MURS & 154.6 green/MURS
                   also at 462 GMRS, 464 & 467...  +new MURS with 151.82, 151.88 & 151.94


 152...   H.O. - ex Emergency Services, to 153.0125= (with 143-144)
          was mostly police FM.  12.5kHz (see 154)


          153.025..Paging, to 153.475  (25kHz channels)  except 153.05 (HO)
                   FSK POCSAG (bursts)  more   [Hear it here!]   Used by Trafficmaster, COACS 
          153.025  FLEX paging (continuous) +153.325   [Hear it here!]

                   Leicester City Council (0250278) 12.5kHz
                   153.39375 153.40625 153.41875 153.43125 153.44375 153.45625


          153.5=...Land mobile service: MoD (incl. cadets), to 154.0=
                   153.6    mountain rescue
                   153.7125 various, incl. BRC


 154=...  Vacant after Emergency Services move to TETRA, to 155.975

          H.O. - ex Emergency Services (with 146-148)   mostly police, AM/FM.  12.5kHz
          143/152 and 146/154 used after WARC-79, from 1987-1989 onwards until move to Airwave TETRA by the end of 2006.

          "The (TR/RX) offset for Police/Fire varies to stop interaction between channels
           when talkthrough is on - this is historic as it was believed that common
           offsets could not be used on the same site; today it is done everywhere." - thanks Andrew W. 

          147.0-147.3 split 8: 155.0-155.3 used for ROC/UKWMO in 1970s/80s   (source)

          SAR channels - (excluding 24, 62,63,64, 85 in marine section) info, more
              0  156.0     Primary Coastguard SAR for use with Declared Facilities when 16 is not appropriate
             10  156.5
             67  156.375   1st alternative to Ch 0
             73  156.675   2nd alternative to Ch 0
             53a 158.65    Reserve TWC and for SARDA  (max 6,500ft airborne)  (from late 1980s)
             91  155.35
             92  147.475
             93  152.85    Scotland SAR
             94  155.35(91)---147.475(92)
             95  152.85(93)---147.475(92)
             96  147.35    Land SAR
             96d 146.025   Land SAR
             97            number not allocated
             98  168.35    Scotland - FFSK
             99  174.0375  Scotland - FFSK
            100  168.35(98)---174.0375(99)  Duplex FFSK (Fast Frequency Shift Keying)
            101   70.85 \  Links, with 102
            102   81.0  /  Links, with 101
            105   86.3125  Scotland - Rebroadcast feeder
            106   86.325   (not Scotland)  (from mid 1960s)
            107   81.05    Scotland - Rebroadcast feeder
            108   70.5625  Scotland - Rebroadcast feeder
              L   161.225  Lifeguards (RNLI)


          There is a Euro plan (25-08) to re-organise 146-156:  (boundaries)
          151.4 ... Base, to 156 (split -7: 146.8-151.4)   single: 146-146.8 and 149.9-150.05 & 154.5-154.65


          155... Possible private marine VHF channels (for companies or general use), of European origin. 25kHz FM.
                 Nordic Leisure boating L1 155.500, L2 155.525, L3 155.650 (info)
                                Fishing F1 155.625, F2 155.775, F3 155.825
                 Denmark    P1 155.375, P2 155.575, P3 155.450, P4 155.800




-156=--------------------------
          Mobile,  Marine VHF (SAR, MBR/CSR)
          PMR/PBR + CBS + STH, Ambulances, Paging (ERMES), SRD, mobile data, Civil Defence
          Earliest Pye gear that worked above 156MHz dates from the early 1950s, 160/165 as brochure example.
          Marine VHF from late 1940s, ch16 156.8 agreed in Atlantic City 1949.

 156.0... Marine, to 158.525=   single OR dual: see 160.625
 158.5375.PBR,    to 160.5375   single OR dual: see 163.0375
          ... alarms
 160.6... Marine, to 163.025=   single OR dual (split -4.6: 156.025-158.4)


          Marine, to 163 - International and private 25kHz channels, single and dual (split -4.6).
          Was 50 kHz spacing until SOLAS 1972, then new channels were fitted in, in between...

          Band structure:  two main sections linked by a 4.6MHz frequency shift
          Dual channels : international and private
          156.0-158.4 lines up with 160.6-163.0 at 4.6MHz higher, the lower section being the ship/mobile
          side of dual-freq. channels, the higher side being for shore/base. The international channels
          finish at 157.425/162.025 and the rest are private channels, which may be dual or single.
          Single channels:
          156.375-156.875 and 160.975-161.475 are not joined, and have single-freq usage with international
          channels at 156 and private at 161. 

          Between 158.4 and 160.6 the mobile channels of a PBR band can be found. As this 163.0375-165.0375
          band utilises a 4.5 MHz split, the mobile side covers 158.5375-160.5375 - the gap at 158.425 to
          158.5 is used for a few more single-freq. private marine channels, and at 160.55 to 160.575 there
          are three local authority alarm channels.

          For single/mobile freqs..   MHz = (ch number x 0.05) + 156     (add 4.6 for the shore freq)
          or more simply divide the ch by 2 and that's the decimal places : 156.(ch/2)  i.e. 16 = 156.*8*
          Because channels 60 and above are interleaved, you need to EITHER:
          Subtract 2.975 MHz AFTERWARDS   ** OR **  subtract 59.5 from the channel number BEFORE
          ... or more simply (!) take 60 from the ch and then add .025 to the frequency : 74.. 14.. 156.725


          WRC-1997 changed the use of paired freq.s for channels 87 and 88 separately, to accommodate a VTS
          called AIS - (Automatic Identification and Surveillance) at 162 MHz, and allow simplex at 157 MHz.
          ERC decision (ERC/DEC/(99)17) June 1999 approves this, effective 1-1-2000.

          WRC-97 also allowed use of channels 75 and 76 for voice, which had been unused guardbands for channel 16.
          (Earlier plans had included simplex use of channels 18 and 82-86)

          The 2004 OFCOM info sheet shows the breakup of channels 87 and 88, and the introduction of 75 and 76.

          Channel 88 used to be used for Radio Lighthouses, a null was swept around the compass... i.e. 
          you'd count the "pips" and when the signal briefly disappeared that would give you a bearing

          Channel 99 (160.6) started life as channel 00, but apparently 00 is what the coastguards dial into
          their consoles to clear them! Do not confuse with what would be the real ch99 on 157.975 / 162.575
          - a private channel which (just to confuse matters) is actually used as a land-based CBS channel!

          Some sets may be set from "international" to "USA" mode, and then some
          of the dual frequency channels can be used as single (ship channel) frequencies;
          (e.g. 157.125 = 82a for USA single freq use - can't be heard on an "international" set)
          which could be handy for a "private" channel, no-one else would hear you! (apart
          from coast stations that use that channel. So you'd want to pick a clear one - and
          bear in mind that if you don't you won't be able to hear them telling you to move!)
          Maybe it's best not to, then. Interesting thought though, isn't it?

          160.9 used to be used for ITV talkback, I'm told.
          Also used for talkback was 161.3875 (12.5 kHz),
          and within the channels 161.325 and 161.45

          OFCOM's own channel numbering is as follows:
          Channel numbers  1440 (156)  to  2000 (163.0)  can be traced back (in
          12.5kHz steps) to the start of a sequence where channel 1 is 138.0125
          - this applies up to the last Mid-band channel M2163 (165.0375)   and
          down in the JRC bands  i.e. M802 being the high side of the 148.01875
          & 139.51875 pair, give or take a half channel offset (-6.25kHz)   (as
          happens positively at 448 / 431 ).
          160.6 is OFCOM channel 1808, 156 is channel 1440 - the difference of 368
          being 4.6 MHz worth of 12.5 kHz channels.  Marine dual pairs take the
          channel number of the higher (shore) frequency. For single use of the
          private section 157.45-163 the channels numbers are shifted along  in
          sequence by 1000.
 
          Search And Rescue needs have been met by splitting paired channels into two separate channels,
          and then in 2009 these A and B channels were split into 2 again with 12.5kHz channel widths
          with center freq.s +/- 6.25kHz around the old center freq.s, making 4 channels out of one old
          2 x 25kHz pairing. CTCSS tone 218.1 is used.

          WRC-2012 is expected to have approved simplex use of channels 01, 07, 19, 20, 21, 60, 66, 78, 79, 80


 Let's track this in two columns 4.6 MHz apart...

 ** First, two single freq.s...
 ---------------------------    -------
 160.600 99 Coastguards         156.000   0 Coastguards

 ** Now dual freq. pairs, 
 ** Port Ops & Public Correspondence (phone - link calls)
                   Shore/Base   Ship/mobile  4.6 MHz lower
 --------------------------------------
                      160.625---156.025   60
                      160.650---156.050    1
                      160.675---156.075   61
                      160.700---156.100    2

 160.71875 623
                      160.725---156.125   62
                                156.125   62A SAR ECC Emergency Call - Common, inter-agency & helicopters
                 62B  160.725                 SAR Land Team Working Channel
 160.73125 624

                      160.750---156.150    3

 160.76875 633                  156.16875 631 SAR
                      160.775---156.175   63
                 63B  160.775   156.175   63A SAR
 160.78125 634                  156.18125 632 SAR

                      160.800---156.200    4

 160.81875 643                  156.21875 641 SAR
                      160.825---156.225   64
                 64B  160.825   156.225   64A SAR
 160.83125 644                  156.23125 642 SAR

                      160.850---156.250    5
                      160.875---156.275   65
 160.900  ???                   156.300    6 intership1 and SAR
                      160.925---156.325   66
                      160.950---156.350    7

 ** Now single freq.s           Base/Mobile
 ----------------------------   -------
 160.975  CSR-1838              156.375  67 (intership9 away from coasts) + SAR/Safety/Coastguard
 161 to 161.2  Paging returns   156.400   8 intership2
               (31/49/459)      156.425  68 ports
               (+local comms)   156.450   9 intership5/ports/Pilots
                                156.475  69 intership8/ports/Customs
                                156.500  10 (intership3 away from coasts)/ports/pollution/SAR + UK Safety Info
                                156.525  70 DSC Digital SelCall ONLY, GMDSS NO VOICE
 161.15   CSR-1852              156.550  11 ports/SAR
 161.175  CSR-1854              156.575  71 ports
 161.2    CSR-1856              156.600  12 ports
 161.225  ch 'L' - Lifeguards   156.625  72 intership6
 161.25   CSR-1860              156.650  13 intership4/ports + International Nav Safety Comms
 161.275  Marine 10mW Alarms    156.675  73 (intership7 away from coasts)/ports/SAR  + Safety Info
 161.300  CSR-1864 (OBH)        156.700  14 Ports
                                156.725  74 Ports/locks/swingbridges
 161.350  On-board handhelds    156.750  15 intership11/ports/ 1W on-board
 161.375  CSR-1870              156.775  75 Ports, Navigation comms only, 1W  (and AIS Sat E-S)
 161.400  CSR-1872 / Nav.?      156.800  16 Calling, Distress
 161.425  M2 (marinas)          156.825  76 Ports, Navigation comms only, 1W  (and AIS Sat E-S)
                                156.850  17 intership12/ports/ 1W on-board
 161.475  CSR-1878              156.875  77 intership10

 ** Now dual freq. pairs again
 ** Port ops up to 161.725 and Pub.Corresp. from 161.750 (both: 78,81,84)
                      Shore     Ship
 --------------------------------------
                      161.500---156.900   18
                      161.525---156.925   78
                      161.550---156.950   19
                      161.575---156.975   79
                      161.600---157.000   20
                      161.625---157.025   80 Marinas primary CSR-1890
                      161.650---157.050   21
                      161.675---157.075   81
                      161.700---157.100   22
                      161.725---157.125   82
                      161.750---157.150   23
                      161.775---157.175   83

 161.79375 243
                      161.800---157.200   24
                                157.200   24A SAR (24a G2A Ground-to-Air to replace 73)  Casualty winching
                 24B  161.800                 SAR Team Working Channel
 161.80625 244

                      161.825---157.225   84
                      161.850---157.250   25

 161.86875 853                  157.26875 851 SAR
                      161.875---157.275   85  SAR paired
                 85B  161.875   157.275   85A SAR
 161.88125 854                  157.28125 852 SAR

                      161.900---157.300   26
                      161.925---157.325   86
                      161.950---157.350   27

                      161.975---157.375   87 old, paired use
 161.975 AIS1    87B            157.375   87 Port ops

                      162.000---157.400   28

                      162.025---157.425   88 old, paired use - No more "Radio Lighthouses"
 162.025 AIS2    88B            157.425   88 Port Ops


 ** Private channels,  single OR dual  CSR/MBR
 ** and some land PMR and CBS, same split -4.6
 ** In this part, the pairings  are only shown
 ** for the first and last pair, to save space
 Single           OR  Base      Mobile (or Single)
 ----------------------------   -------
 162.050  CSR-2924 single...    157.450  29  CSR-2556 single
                  OR  162.050---157.450  29  CSR-1924 dual

        --CSR---Land Use--
 162.050  CSR / CBS(Birm.)
 162.0625       CBS(Lond./Birm.)
 162.075  CSR / CBS(Lond./Birm.)
 162.0875       CBS(Lond./Birm.)
 162.100   -    CBS(Lond./Birm.)
 162.1125       -none-
 162.125  CSR   -none-
 162.1375--     -none-                              (162.14375)
 162.150  RNLI  -none-  (25kHz) 157.550  31  RNLI   (two 12.5kHz channels at +/-6.25kHz)
 162.1625--     -none-                              (162.15625)
 162.175        CBS
 162.1875       CBS(Lond./Birm.)
 162.200  CSR / CBS(Lond./Birm.)
 162.2125       CBS(Lond./Birm.)
 162.225   -    CBS +PMR(Lond. - couriers)
 162.2375       -none-
 162.250  CSR   -none-
 162.2626       -none-
 162.275   -    CBS +PMR(Lond. - couriers)
 162.2875       -none-
 162.300  CSR   -none-
 162.3125       -none-
 162.325   -    CBS
 162.3375       CBS(Lond./Birm.)
 162.350  CSR / CBS(Birm.)
 162.3625       CBS(Lond./Birm.)
 162.375   -    CBS
 162.3875       -none-
 162.400  CSR   -none-
 162.4125       -none-
 162.425   -    CBS +PMR(Lond. - couriers)
 162.4375       -none-
 162.450  DGPS  -none-          157.850  37/M marinas secondary  RA-1588
 162.4625       -none-
 162.475   -    CBS
 162.4874       -none-
 162.500  CSR   -none-
 162.5125       -none-
 162.525   -    CBS(Birm.)
 162.5375       -none-
 162.550  CSR   -none-
 162.5625       -none-
 162.575   -    CBS
 162.5875       -none-

 162.600  CSR only - no CBS at all
   to       (25kHz)
 162.850  CSR

(162.825  104A Telex            158.225 104B Fax.  no longer used)

 162.8625       -none-
 162.875   -    CBS
 162.8875       -none-
 162.900  CSR   -none-
 162.9125       -none-
 162.925   -    CBS
 162.9375       PBR London Bus Services Limited (0236402)
 162.950  CSR
 162.9625       PBR (Technically Assigned)
 162.975   -    CBS
 162.9875       -none-
 163.000  CSR

 163.000  CSR-3000 single       158.400  48  CSR-2632 single
                      163.000---158.400  48  CSR-2000 dual


          162.4-162.55 MHz "Weather" frequencies (as found on some USA scanners) apply only to
          land-based NOAA transmissions on the North American Continent - it doesn't reach here!


 ** Now private single freq.s   Single
 ----------------------------   -------
 163.025 Diff. GPS              158.425 108 CSR-1634
                                158.450  49 CSR-1636
   0.1 MHz gap where            158.475 109 CSR-1638
  "4.6 split" and               158.500  50 CSR-1640
  "4.5 split" systems meet     -158.525=---


 163.0375 
 ** We'll change now to a 4.5 MHz difference, and 12.5 kHz spacings

 163.0375.PBR, to 165.0375  (split -4.5: 158.5375-160.5375)  Mid Band       
          Many CBS (including some multi-channel trunked CBS) - 85 dual channels available.
          Despite this section only being allocated to LAND MOBILE, (12.5 kHz) in some
          books and magazines you may find extra marine channels given (channel number
          greater than 50), either single or -4.6 dual, in the first 150kHz or so. (i.e. ch 53)
          This seems to be a throwback to a bygone age when the marine band was larger.
          Marine channels are 25kHz bandwidth too, so that ruins half of the 12.5kHz channel
          above and below. How wasteful.

          The first 70 per cent used to be used for the old BT RadioTelephones :
          (until 1985 saw the arrival of TACS at 935-950 MHz)
 163.0375... BT System 4 (1983-1987), to 164.4125 (split -4.5: 158.5375-159.9125)
             12.5kHz, ch.s U1-U111, full duplex, 6 digit nums
          Early versions used from 163.0375 to only 164.2125 as System 4 channels 95 down to 01.
          U57 (163.7375 - base only) was control. 163.025 and 164.425 were boundaries.
          and before that:
 163.050 ... BT System 3 (1977), to 164.400 (split -4.5, 25kHz channels 55-1 in reverse!)
             ch17 164.0 control, PTT, 5 digit #
          and before that: 
          System 2 (1970s) with 9ch + 1 control ch (same band). 
          System 1 (1959 S.Lancs, 1965 Gr.London)




diagram of Mid Band showing paired segments



 Single           OR Base       Mobile (or Single)
 ---------------------------------------
                     163.0375---158.5375   M2003 PBR Wide Area
                     163.050 ---158.550    M2004 CBS
                     163.0625---158.5625   M2005 CBS
                     163.075 ---158.575    M2006 CBS
                     163.0875---158.5875   M2007 SJA (0295652)
                     163.100 ---158.600    M2008 CBS
                     163.1125---158.6125   M2009 CBS
                     163.125 ---158.625    M2010 CBS
 163.1375 single
                                158.64375  531 SAR
 163.15   single                158.65     53a SAR (25kHz til end of 2009).  Ch95 pair (Scotl.) 53a---93 (152.85)
                                158.65625  532 SAR
 163.1625 single - Tracker
                    (163.175 ---158.675    non PBR)
                    (163.1875---158.6875   non PBR)
                     163.200 ---158.700    M2016 CBS
                     163.2125---158.7125   M2017 CBS
                     163.225 ---158.725    M2018 CBS
                     163.2375---158.7375
                             to            unallocated
                     163.275 ---158.775
                     163.2875---158.7875   M2023 STH  (or either singly)
                     163.300 ---158.800    M2024 SJA
                     163.3125---158.8125   M2025
                             to                  CBS  (except 163.375--158.875 BRC)
                     163.425 ---158.925    M2034
                     163.4375---158.9375   BRC (0310908)
                     163.45  ---158.95     M2036 Data Dominant
                     163.4625---158.9625   M2037 Data Dominant 
                     163.475 ---158.975    M2038 Data Dominant
                     163.4875---158.9875   M2039 BRC
                     163.5   ---159.0      M2040 Data Dominant
                     163.5125---159.0125   M2041 SJA
                     163.525 ---159.025    M2042 Data Dominant
                     163.5375---159.0375
                             to            appears to be spare, possibly H.O.
                     163.5875---159.0875
                     163.6   ---159.1      RNLI (0138319)
                     163.6125---159.1125
                             to            British Red Cross (Licence 0780200)
                     163.675 ---159.175
                     163.6875---159.1875   M2055 STH  Construction only (or either singly)
                     163.7   ---159.2      M2056
                             to                   Data Dominant
                     167.7375---159.2375   M2059
                     163.750 ---159.250    M2060 STH  Construction only (or either singly)
                     163.7625---159.2625
                             to            Vodafone (Data) Ltd  (was Paknet, then Data Services Ltd)
                     163.8375---159.3375
                     163.850 ---159.350    M2068 STH  Construction only (or either singly)
                     163.875 ---159.375    M2070 Data only (IR2008)
                     163.8875---159.3875   M2071 Data only (IR2008)
                     163.900 ---159.400    M2072 STH  (or  163.9 singly) (ex RQAS only)
                     163.9125---159.4125   M2073 Data Dominant
                     163.925 ---159.425    M2074 STH  (or either singly)
                     163.9375---159.4375   M2075 Data Dominant
                     163.950 ---159.450    M2076 demo/parking
                     163.9625---159.4624   M2077 CBS
                     163.975 ---159.475    M2078 CBS
 163.9875  STH                  159.4875   STH  (ex RQAS)
 164.000   STH   (ex RQAS)      159.500    STH  (ex RQAS)
 164.0125  on site              159.5125   on site
 164.025   on site  (*?)        159.525    on site
 164.0375  on site  (*?)        159.5375   on site
 164.050   Simple UK (was UKG)  159.55  
 164.0625  Simple UK (was UKG)     to      spare, possibly H.O.
 164.075   on site              159.575
 164.0875  STH                  159.5875   STH  (ex RQAS)
                     164.1   ---159.6      M2088 Data only (IR2008)
                     164.1125---159.6125
 164.125   STH   (ex RQAS)      159.625    STH  (ex RQAS)
 164.1375  on site              159.6375   Local Comms returns (to 459MHz)
 164.150   (*?)                 159.65     Local comms ret.
 164.1625  on site              159.6625   Local comms ret.
 164.175   data (tracking)      159.675    Local comms ret.
 164.1875  STH   (ex RQAS)      159.6875   STH
 164.200   page ret. (as 161)   159.700    Local comms ret.
                     164.2125---159.7125   18 channels :
                             to            Vodafone (Data) Ltd  (was Paknet, then Data Services Ltd)
                     164.425 ---159.925    base continuous   (25 channels, 7 more at 163.7675)   [Hear it here!]

 164.4375 - 165.0375 
          this top section used to be mainly Private Message Handling - operators speaking
          to mobile doctors etc. (AirCall/MediCall), and is now CBS "predominantly" with
          some wide area or on-site technical assignments e.g. 164.475--159.975 BRC (0793939)
                     164.4375---159.9375   M2115
                             to 
                     165.0375---160.5375   M2163 (Last "mid band" ch.)
 ----------------------------   --------
                                160.550 - 160.575 Alarms (3x 12.5kHz)  
                             ** the end of this 2nd column now joins the start of the 1st. now we've covered 4.6MHz **

          160.3 to 160.55 was once used for 11 private marine channels (1970s)
          (and at the time Private Message Handling thus only went to 164.775/160.275)




-165.04375=-------------------

          High Band
          12.5kHz channels.  Some "TalkThrough".  DCS.  
          Security firms (Datatrack mobile digital - on 5 national Securicor channels)
          Ambulance service (many at 166.1-166.85), Taxis, etc.



diagram of High Band showing paired segments



          National exclusive: 45 dual, 11 single
          CBS: 20 dual
          On-site shared: 5 dual, 31 single
          Wide Area Shared: 185 dual
          Simple UK Light (was UK General): 5 single

  Summary 
 165.05...PBR, to 168.2375   256ch   (split +4.8: 169.850 -173.0375)   (French splits -4.6) (ISM 168 +/- 8kHz)
 168.25...PBR, to 168.3        4ch   single, 1 pairing
          168.3125=... H.O.
 168.85...PBR, to 169.8375    46ch   single (with 169.4 to 169.8125 removed)
 169.85...PBR, to 173.0375   256ch   single OR dual: see 165.05
 173.05...PBR, to 173.0875     4ch   single

          Trying to subtract 4.8 in your head? Why not subtract 5 (easy) then add 0.2 (easy too)!
          Subtracting 5 too hard?!! Add 5 if it's easier, then take 10!
 

  Chart 
 ** a 4.8 MHz difference UPWARDS
                     Base       Mobile     256 channels, not all shown:
 ---------------------------------------
                     165.0500---169.8500   ch H001    Hxxx = (freq - 165.0375) / 0.0125

                     165.075 ---169.875    Road Construction (not London)

                     165.1625---169.9625   ON SITE 32 DUAL
                     165.1875---169.9875   ON SITE 33 DUAL
                     165.2125---170.0125   ON SITE 34 DUAL
                     165.6375---170.4375   btp (+165.65)
                     166.4375---171.2375   NHS Ambulance emerg. reserve ch.
                                           Amb. used 166.1, 166.2, 166.275-166.4125,166.4625-166.6125, 166.75, 166.8

                     166.7625---171.5625   ON SITE 35 DUAL
                     167.0375---171.8375   ON SITE 36 DUAL

                     167.2000---172.000    demo/"parking"/Test&Dev

                                172.65     Czech licence-free two-way   & 172.725, 172.95, 172.975
                     168.2375---173.0375   ch H256


 ** single freq.s (5)
 ----------------------------   --------
 168.250   PBR  H257            173.050    Simple UK Light (was UK General)
 168.2625  PBR  H258            173.0625   Simple UK Light (was UK General)
                     168.2750---173.075    PBR H259
 168.2875  PBR  H260 (& Alarms) 173.0875   Simple UK Light (was UK General)  --173.09375= end of high band PBR--
 168.300   PBR  H261            173.100... H.O. + LPD/SRD

-168.3125=-boundary----------
 168.325   H.O.   168.325-168.8 split +5.7: 174.025-174.5 used for ROC/UKWMO in 1970s/80s   (source)
    to
 168.825
-168.8375=------------------- boundary used to be listed as 168.95 ----

           44 channels, not all shown:

 168.850   PBR  H305
 168.9375  PBR  H312 (& Alarms)
 169.0125  STH
 169.050   JRC  H321
 169.0625  PBR  ex UK General?
 169.0875  Simple UK Light (was UK General)
 169.1375  STH
 169.1625  STH
 169.1875  STH
 169.3125  Simple UK Light (was UK General)
 169.3375  PBR  motor sports (National-RAC)
 169.3875  PBR  H348

-169.39375=------------------


           168.9625-169.8375 used to be all PBR single, then Europe took away 169.4-169.8125 for ERMES
           leaving 2 PBR channels at the top. The PBR Single band was then extended down to 168.8375=
           (ex STH channels: 169.4375  169.475  169.4875  169.5375?  169.575  169.6375  169.7625)

           Council Directive 90/544/EEC of 9.Oct.1990 required Member States to designate the 169.4-169.8MHz
           frequency band for the pan-European land-based public radio paging service (known as ERMES).
           However, it wasn't a success as other technologies (SMS) replaced the need and made ERMES redundant.

 169.425   ERMES-01 
           ERMES Paging (25kHz, continuous, 6.25kbps, 4level FSK)   [Hear it here!]
           16 channels, with each country having 4 "preferred" channels    more  more
           
              Austria 2,6,8,12
              Czech R. 1,2,9,10,12,13
              Finland - 11
              France 10,14
              .li 1,4,12,15
              Italy & Denmark 8,10,12,14
              Portugal 1,3,10,14
              Slovakia 2,3,5,5,16
              Sweden 10
              Swiss - 1,4,12,15
    to
 169.800   ERMES-16

           Following CEPT assessment in 2004, exclusive ERMES use was withdrawn March 2005: ECC/DEC/(05)03



           New 2005 plan ECC/DEC/(05)02 to share with any remaining paging :

 169.400=... Low power, <=0.5W, 12.5/25/50kHz bandwidth,   hearing aids/alarms/meters/tracking
 169.600=...   (guard band)
 169.6125=.. High power, 12.5/25kHz bandwidth,   tracking, paging, PBR
                         169.625 .65 .7 .75  Claas Uk Limited (0785523)
             to 169.8125=


-169.81875=------------------  2 more Single channels :
 169.825   PBR  H383
 169.8375  PBR  H384



 169.85... mobile (see start of second column above) or single,  to 173.0375

 173.05... PBR, see 2nd column opposite 168.250
 

 173.1... SRD, to 177.2=  Mics, JFMG, Theatres, Telemetry, Alarms, Telecommand, Deaf-aids

          173.1875  SRD license-exempt
          173.2=... licensed SRD, to 173.35=   ( and 173.7= to 174= )
                    173.225 fixed or short range alarms only 
          173.35=...Aids for the deaf, to 174.415=  50kHz 2mW   use the lowest freqs possible
                    1st set  173.35, 173.4, 173.465, 173.545, 173.64
                    2nd set  173.695, 173.775, 173.825, 173.95, 173.99
                    3rd set  174.07, 174.12, 174.185, 174.27, 174.36, 174.415
                    4th set  174.6, 174.675, 174.77, 174.885, 175.02 

                    173.5125 French POCSAG paging (and 85.955)
          173.5875  only telemetry, telecommand, speech, & 173.6 (1997) 10mW
          173.7=    medical/biological telemetry, to 174
          173.7=... mics...
          173.965=..Aids for handicapped, to 174.015=
          173.9875=.HO, to 174.4125= (allocated, not known if used)   see 168.3 for old use



          There is a Euro plan (25-08) to re-organise 157.45-174:  (boundaries - last pair likely: 173.9875-169.3875)
          162.05  ... Base, to 165.2 (split -4.6: 157.45 -160.6)   (... this one could well be the full range though)
          169.825 ... Base, to 174   (split -4.6: 165.225-169.4)
          and some single around 165.2125





-174=--------------------------
          Band III - ex TV Broadcasting (405 lines b/w TV) (ITV) until 1984, DAB
          UK: Mobile - PAMR/PBR/JFMG/PMSE (mics) + AMR + Data
              Bus and coach operators, OFCOM's "B9" business class, rail.

            ex French TV: 8MHz ch. F5-F10  vision at 176, 184, 192, 200, 208, 216   sound at +6.5
            Euro TV  (7MHz)  E5 174-181, E6 181-188, ... E11 216-223, E12 223-230
            ex UK TV (5MHz)  B6 176-181, B7 181-186, ... B13 211-216

            174.0 ... mics, to 175.1=      174.6, 174.675, 174.77, 174.885, 175.02  5mW 50kHz   JFMG info
                      173.8 yellow   180kHz 2mW
                      174.1 red    
                      174.5 blue   
                      174.8 green  
                      175.0 white  
            175.25    mics (200kHz)
            175.525   mics (200kHz)
            176.3=... mics, to 177.1=   at 176.4 176.6 176.8 177.0



 --sub band 1-- 
 176.5=...  (mics)                               (unused PBR channels 001-057 : 176.5 = 001)
 177.2=
 177.2125...PAMR/DATA, to 183.4875  (split +8: 185.2-191.5)  channels 058-560  -  63 not allocated
            (except 181.7-181.8 - JFMG 12.5kHz 25W simplex talkback)
            Some PBR. PAMR is trunked. (control channels continuous)  [Hear it here!]
            Cognito data - 49 channels  on 1xx.x00 / 1xx.x25 / 1xx.x50 / 1xx.x75   [Hear it here!] until Jan 31 2003
            180.175   RTPI Traffic Light control, single, and 188.175

            183.5=... AMR plan:
                      183.5125.. 25kHz channels (8), to 183.6875 - shared
                      183.7=...  retained, to 183.9=
                      184.0      wideband channel - 200kHz
                      184.1=...  retained, to 184.3=
                      184.3=...  single user, exclusive
            184.5=... JFMG, to 185.1=
                      184.6  news gathering mics, and 184.8 185.0
            185.2=
            185.2125..PBR, see -8  (189.7-189.8 JFMG 12.5kHz 25W simplex talkback)



 --sub band 2--
 191.5=
            191.5=... JFMG
                      191.7  links 200kHz, news mics
                      191.9  links 200kHz, mics
                      192=...mics  200kHz max, to 193.1= 10mW    192.1 192.3 192.6 192.8 193.0
            193.2=
            193.2125..PBR, see +8
            199.5=... JFMG links and mics, SRD
                      199.7  temp links - 200kHz max, stereo  (1 month only, directional, 1W ERP max), mics
                      199.9  mics, and 200.1 200.3
            200.5=... mics, to 201.1=            (unused PBR channels 001-057 : 200.5 = 001)
                      200.6  mics, and 200.8 201.0
 201.2125...PAMR/PBR,  to 207.4875  (split -8: 193.2-199.5)  channels 058-560  - all but 7 allocated
            (95 PMR channels, 401 PAMR)
            Includes Rail NRN 204.85-206.3 (to be replaced by GSM-R)



 --sub band 3--
 207.5=


diagram of Band III sub band 3


            207.6=... JFMG mics, to 210.1=
                      207.7 coordinated
                      207.9 coord.
                      208.1 coord.
                      208.3 shared
                      208.6 shared
                      208.8 coord.
                      209.0 shared
                        (209.1= before end of 2007)
                        New from 1-1-2008 :
                      209.2 shared
                      209.4 coord.
                      209.6 shared
                      209.8 shared
                      210.0 coord.

            210.1=... now cleared for more DAB : 10B, 10C, 10D, 11A

                      216... MoD for the Radiolocation Service, to 225 (OFCOM FAT 2010)


 NOTES

 Previous plans for use :

            209.20625=.PBR (future) to 215.26875=

            The initial plan had been for another block of PBR/PAMR with 8MHz split...
            208.5=... PAMR/PBR,  to 215.5=  (split +8: 216.5-223.5)

            The PBR plan changed as sub-bands 1 & 2 contained the demand, then DAB arrived and took 217.5 onwards
            and so they planned -3.3MHz splits keeping space for JFMG and SRD :
            209.206= - 215.26875= PAMR/PBR Frequency plan developed using 6.25 and 12.5kHz channels. No use as yet.
               209.26... PBR, see +3.3
               210.26... SRD
               210.97... PBR, see +3.3
               211.925...JFMG,     to 212.1875 - mobile talkback (to 141 MHz) wide area
               212.2 ... SRD
               212.5625..PAMR/PBR, to 213.55        (split -3.3: 209.26-210.25)
               213.56... ?SRD?
               214.275...PAMR/PBR, to 215.2625      (split -3.3: 210.97-211.96)   Narrowband modes
               215.275...JFMG,     to 215.4875  (not split -3.3: 211.97-212.18!!) temp. links 

            this led to a PBR plan with +3.35MHz splits :
            209.2125...PAMR/PBR, to 210.2          (split +3.35: 212.5625-213.55)   12.5kHz
            210.206=...reserved for PMR/PAMR, to 210.919=   (split +3.35: 213.556 -214.269)  bwidth not yet decided
            210.919=...reserved for PMR/PAMR, to 211.919=   (split +3.35: 214.269 -215.269)  narrowband 5/6.25
            211.925...JFMG, to 212.1875 - NOW: see 215.275   (WAS: wide area mobile talkback - to 141 MHz)
            212.2 ... SRD, to 212.55
            212.5625..PAMR/PBR,       see -3.35: 209.2125...
            213.556=..future PMR/PAMR see -3.35: 210.206=...
            214.269=..future PMR/PAMR see -3.35: 210.919=... 

            update (July 2002) - the PBR plan now seems to be -3.35 splits with 1MHz of 6.25 narrowband :
 209.2125...mobile section, to 211.91875
            211.925...JFMG, to 212.1875
            212.2  ...SRD,  to 212.55
 212.5625...PAMR/PBR, to 214.2625 (split -3.35: 209.2125-210.9125)
 214.26875=.PAMR/PBR 6.25kHz spaced, to 215.26875= (split -3.35: 210.91875= - 211.91875=)


 215.275... JFMG SAP base, to 215.4875  (split -3.35: 211.925-212.1875)   (WAS: temp. links)
            215.5=... SRD, to 217.5
                      216.0.. JFMG mics, to 217.1=   216.1 216.3 216.6 216.8 217.0



 217.5 DAB 
 217.5=...DAB, to 230 (1.536 MHz bandwidth)  Vertical Pol.  (Wikipedia: Digital_Audio_Broadcasting)
          Eureka 147 - COFDM - Umpteen hundred narrowband carriers all sharing the bits...

          DAB first tested by BBC Jan 1990, demos 91-93, launched Sept 1995.

          "DAB-ensemble frequencies are encoded in 19 bits and then multiplied by 16kHz" (max 8GHz)

          Other possible DAB channels (4 DAB channels per 7MHz TV ch, 1.712MHz spaced)
          5A  174.928 to  5D 180.064
          6A  181.936 to  6D 187.072
          7A  188.928 to  7D 194.064
          8A  195.936 to  8D 201.072
          9A  202.928 to  9D 208.064
          10A 209.936 to 10D 215.072
          11A 216.928

          13A 230.784 to 13C 234.208
          13D 235.776 to 13F 239.200

 216.928  (E11-A)  awarded to 4 Digital Group Limited, didn't happen, licence handed back to Ofcom on 30.Jan.2009
 218.640  (E11-B)  LOCAL
 220.352  (E11-C)  LOCAL/INR  +Isle of Man +Channel Islands
 222.064  (E11-D)  LOCAL/INR  England + Wales
 223.936  (E12-A)  LOCAL/INR  England + Scotland
 225.648  (E12-B)  BBC        UK + Gibraltar  (224.88-226.416)
 227.360  (E12-C)  LOCAL      England + Wales
 229.072  (E12-D)  LOCAL/INR  +Northern Ireland

          UK use, links [2012] :  DAB Ensembles   DAB Allocations   UK Stations

          DAB Sound Quality [2012]
          DAB uses the MPEG-1 Audio Layer II (MP2) audio codec which has less efficient compression than newer codecs.
          The typical bitrate is only 128 kbit/s so most radio stations on DAB have a lower sound quality than FM.

          USA alternative : Wikipedia: FM HD Radio
          "Thus HD Radio is approximately twice as data-efficient as DAB."
          "codec based upon the MPEG-4 HE-AAC standard... same perceived quality as MP2 at one-quarter the bit rate"
          No multiplexes either - one carrier per station as with FM - more flexible.



          NOTES

          224.0125.. ex JFMG PMSE, to 224.4875  portable links

          There is an Amateur 1.25m allocation in the USA from 222 to 225    (ARRL Bandplans 2012)
          (was 220-225 until the 1990s) which started (at 224) in 1938.
          Unlikely to ever be allocated in Europe, as it's in the middle of the DAB band 217.5-230




-230---------------------------
          NATO military band.  (Equipment)   ARFA/DRFB/FMSC/NJFA/CEAC
          "military air-ground-sea tactical communications"  (25kHz AM channels)   some 12.5kHz spaced ch.s?
          Radio Relay, PTARMIGAN multi-channel trunk links. 
          225-400MHz "HaveQuick" frequency hopped system (7000ch wartime mode, ~20 channels otherwise)

          "In 1951 the NATO nations decided to reserve 225-400 MHz for military use, and move
          air-ground-air comms to this band from the 100-150 MHz area." - DSI2
          The lower end has been lost to DAB, and from 380 upwards is earmarked for Land Mobile such as TETRA.

          Used by the Red Arrows, Falcons, Sharks etc for airshows

          Some satellite (FM, wide bandwidth) downlinks, especially in the 240/260 MHz region. System info. More

 243.0    Distress, EPIRBs    121.5 x 2 = 243    to be phased out
 259.7    ex Space shuttle
 282.8    Emergency / SAR   & 244.6 (Scene of SAR Control), 285.85
                       
          (Thailand red CB at 245.0 - 245.9875)
          The Philippines, Singapore and Brunei have a 300 mW 40 ch FRS service that operates
          on the 325 MHz band (325.0 to 325.4875) - I wonder if any handies get brought over here?

          Watch out for unapproved cordless phones at 375-385 (split -126: 249-259) 40 channels nbfm
          

          326.5=... Astronomy,  to 328.5=  - deuterium spectral line
          328.6=... Aero. Nav., to 335.4=  - ILS, glideslopes

          (350.1625... Indian version of FRS/PMR-446, 31 ch, to 350.5275)



 380.0=...Euro emergency services band - TETRA, to 399.9=   DEC(96)04  &  DEC(99)04  pi/4 DQPSK
          TETRA has been chosen for the UK Home Office's Airwave (PSRCP Public Safety Radio Comms Project - ex Quadrant)
          for the Emergency Services (and others). Digital, networked, encrypted.
          Trans-European Trunked RAdio, (TE part renamed TErrestrial).  Carrier numbering (ETSI 100 392-15), more

          380.0=... TETRA mobile, see +10
          389.9=... TETRA single...  (see TR 25-08)  because 399.9-400 can't be paired

 390.0=...TETRA Base, to 399.9= (split -10: 380= - 389.9=)  25kHz channels, 12.5 offset.  Base continuous

          390.0=           Band Edge
                           DMO Direct Mode... (split -10)   agreed at WRC 2000   ( DEC(01)19 )
                                              (6 ch, or up to 15 x 10kHz channels, 390.005-390.145)
          390.0125  ch 1   DMO
             to
          390.1375  ch 6   DMO

          390.15=          TMO Trunked Mode...  (Network)
          390.1625  ch 7   first TMO ch
          391.5125         Test & Dev. ?
          394.7875  ch 192 last TMO ch

          394.8=           TETRA Air-Ground-Air, to 395=   DEC(01)20
          394.8125  ch 193 first A-G-A
          394.9875  ch 200 last  A-G-A   (8 ch, or up to 20 x 10kHz)
          395.0=

          395.0125...      Not yet allocated, to 399.8875
          399.9=



          396.875... US ISR, to 399.975 (no fixed steps), 12.5kHz FM, 500mW, using the Icom IC-4008M
                     Intra-Squad Radio - may end up in use in US airbases in Europe?
                     Details : http://www.ld.com/cbd/archive/2000/02(February)/29-Feb-2000/58sol003.htm
                     http://www.idwg.cap.gov/comm-isr.htm

          Common freq.s used for illegal NFM bugs 399.03 (ch C), 398.605 (A), 399.455 (B)




-399.9=---UHF------------------
          Mobile         (French splits +/-10)

          399.9=.. Satellite, to 400.15=
                   399.9=... Nav, to 400.05=
                             Russian Tsikada "Cicada"   ex Transit (NNSS) ended 31.Dec.1996  (now NIMS)
                             with 150MHz (f/2.66.) and near 1067MHz (f*2.66.) i.e. 1066.752, 1066.58133

                   400.1     Standard freq. / time

 400.15=..Met. sondes (WFM), Satellite, EPIRBs, to 406.1
          401.65   Argos uplinks (Satellite system collecting environmental data, wildlife tracking etc)  
          402...   medical implants, to 405
          403.55   LPD (designed for South Africa)
          406.0    Emergency Locator Transmitters
          406.025  EPIRBs, 406.028   5W max (COSPAS-SARSAT) IR2042

 406.1=.. MoD, to 420
          Especially 408-410 : replacements for old VHF local nets
          - assignments in 410-420 have been moved to below 410 or higher up UHF1

          Channel Tunnel and Portal area (0797899)  25 kHz
          416.65 417.475 417.8 419.175 424.875
 
          406... Syledis nav. (positioning) system, to 449  - pulses - Annoying clicks on 70cms!

          409.75.Chinese version of 446/FRS (500mW, 12.5kHz spaced FM), to 409.9875  (20 channels)
          410=.. mobile civil TETRA, to 415=  see 420

 410=...  reserved for Emergency services, to 412=  with 420-422  (extended TETRA?)
 412=...  Arqiva Ltd & Airwave Solutions Ltd, to 414 (split +10: 422-424)  Auctioned march 2006 (0310692)
 414=...  MOD, to 415=  with 424-425
          
          418.0  UK SRDs (centre of 200kHz alloc.)   to be phased out
                "Only SRD equipment certified to the R&TTE Directive before 31.Dec.2002
                 will be accepted for use in the UK until 31.Dec.2007."

          Some forums list Helicopter on-board "PolyCon" 417.5, 417.525, 417.575
          and 419.1125, 419.1375 Coastguard/Police.  Also 449.5375, 449.5875, 449.6875 for SAR (RAF/Navy).




    UHF1: 420 to 450 - military (shares with PBR), SRD, SAB
          RadioLocation is primary at 420-430 and 440-450

          Mil: EPLRS/SADL (Enhanced Position Location Reporting System/Situation Awareness Data Link)
          freq hopped secure data (420-450).

          There is a Euro plan (25-08) to re-organise 410-430: (boundaries)
          420 ... Base, to 430 (split -10: 410-420)

          420-422 (split -10) Sec. of State for Health, Crown Recognised Spectrum Access (0799272)  10,000 kHz bw

 420=...  was used for PAMR: national civil TETRA, to 430= (split -10: 410-420)
          420.0125... 400 x 25kHz channels, to 429.9875  - 12.5kHz offsets (as with TACS)    Dolphin

            425-430 use started January 2000, Dolphin had 100 channels within 420-425 prior to that 
            "further allocations may be made... in the bands 415-420 MHz paired with 425-430 MHz" - Dec.1999


          425.00625=
          425.0125... PBR, see 445.5125   +20.5
         (425.3125=...JFMG, to 425.5626=  temp links - South West large towns only - 425.3375 to 425.5375 - 5 x 50kHz)
          425.5125... PBR, see 440.0125   +14.5
         (427.7625=...JFMG, to 428.0125=  talkback   - various areas -  427.775 to 428.0)
          428.025...  PBR, see 442.525    +14.5
          429=...     MoD



 70cm 
-430=-... Amateur 70cm band, to 440=       [checked and updated 2012]      (RSGB Bandplan 2012)
          Secondary. Shared with MoD, PBR... 
          some Govt (some odd splits to other UHF1 sections)  Nuclear Electric trunked NANRCS  (countries)
          Common amateur splits 1.6, 7.6, 9, 9.4 MHz

          There are often moves afoot (thwarted so far) to reduce the band to 432-438,
          and already some non-amateur use falls within 430-432 and 438-440.
          USA 70cm band is 3x the size, 420-450!    (ARRL Bandplans 2012)


 430=...  Amateur, all modes,  to 432 - away from main band 432-435 and 435-438 satellite

          430.0125.. Internet Voice Gateways (12.5kHz), to 430.075

          430.025..  RU1   French/Neth. repeaters,  to 430.375 (RU15) (split +1.6: 431.625-431.975)
                    "FRU2 Sp" 430.05   +9.7 :439.75
                    "FRU2 H"  430.0625 +9.4 :439.4625
                    "FRU4 XH" 430.1125 +9.4 :439.5125
                    "FRU6 H"  430.15   +9.4 :439.55
                    "FRU8 H"  430.2    +9.4 :439.6
                    "FRU9 H"  430.225  +9.4 :439.625
                    "FRU9 XH" 430.2375 +9.4 :439.6375
                    "FRU13 H" 430.325  +9.4 :439.725
                    "FRU14 H" 430.35   +9.4 :439.75
                    "FRU15 H" 439.775  -9.4 :430.375


          430.4...   DV repeaters in (see +9 :439.4), to 430.9125
                     430.8 input: see +7.6 :438.4

          UK Repeaters 430.825-430.975 (split +7.6 :438.425-438.575)   new in 2001, first=GB3PZ
          430.825  RU66 :438.425
          430.8375 RU67 :438.4375
          430.85   RU68 :438.45
          430.8625 RU69 :438.4625
          430.875  RU70 not available
          430.8875 RU71 :438.4875
          430.9    RU72 :438.5
          430.9125 RU73 :438.5125
          430.925  RU74 :438.525
          430.9375 RU75 :438.5375
          430.95   RU76 :438.55
          430.9625 RU77 :438.5625
          430.975  RU78 :438.575

          430.990=.. Digital, to 431.9=
                     431.0...French 'transponders', to 431.15 (25kHz)  (and 433.4-433.575)
                     431.075 Voice Gateways, to 431.175 (12.5kHz)

                     431.2125.. new IARU repeaters in, to 431.375 (see +1.6 :432.8125)

          431-432MHz not available within 100km radius of Charing Cross, London

          431=...some PBR mobile (London), to 432.0625=   bases around 17MHz higher at 448 to 449.38 region
                 430.5                   single PBR   Rosewood Estates Limited (0296264) 25kHz
                 431.4875= to 431.5125=  -unused for PBR-  (from OFCOM)
                 431.6375= to 431.6625=  -unused for PBR-
                 431.8375= to 431.8625=  -unused for PBR-
                 431.8875= to 431.9125=  -unused for PBR-
                 432=      to 432.0375=  -unused for PBR-
                 432.0375= to 432.0625=  single PBR   432.04375 & 432.05625   Rosewood Estates Limited (0296264)

                 The public OFCOM doc also reveals the following PBR pairings:
                 434.025--439.775
                 436.025--443.650
                 437.025--443.775
                 437.0625-444.15
                 438.0625-444.75
                 439.0625-445.0625

 432.0=...Narrow band
          432=...   EME CW/MGM...   (MGM=Machine Generated Mode)
          432.025.. CW/MGM...       (432.05 CW centre of activity)
          432.088   PSK31
          432.1...  SSB,CW,MGM...
          432.2     SSB centre of activity
          432.35    Microwave talkback
          432.37    FSK441 calling
          432.4=... Beacons...
          432.5=... SSTV, transponders in...
          432.6=... transponders out, to 432.8
          432.625   Digital,  & 432.65, 432.675
          432.7     Fax

          432.8=... Beacons (UK)...  due to move to 432.4...

                    To be replaced by new IARU repeater channels :
          432.8125  RU225 to 432.975 (RU238) (split -1.6: 431.2125-431.375)

 433.0... FM channels, to 435=
          433.025.. RU17 French repeater channels, to 433.2 RU24 (split -1.6: 431.425-431.6)

          Shared with European 10mW LPD transceivers on 433.075 - 434.775 (69 x 25kHz channels) in ISM Band
          The first 39 channels below 434.04 don't appear to be legal in the UK (OFCOM regs.)

          UK repeaters 433.0-433.375 (split +1.6: 434.6-434.975)   started in 1976 (UK)
          433.0   RB0  :434.6
          433.025 RB1  :434.625
          433.05  RB2  :434.65
          433.075 RB3  :434.675  LPD-1
          433.1   RB4  :434.7    LPD-2
          433.125 RB5  :434.725  LPD-3
          433.15  RB6  :434.75   LPD-4
          433.175 RB7  :434.775  LPD-5
          433.2   RB8  :434.8    LPD-6
          433.225 RB9  :434.825  LPD-7
          433.25  RB10 :434.85   LPD-8
          433.275 RB11 :434.875  LPD-9
          433.3   RB12 :434.9    LPD-10
          433.325 RB13 :434.925  LPD-11
          433.35  RB14 :434.95   LPD-12
          433.375 RB15 :434.975  LPD-13

                                     -Amateur use-
          433.4   SU16  U272  LPD-14
          433.425 SU17  U274  LPD-15
          433.45  SU18  U276  LPD-16  DV calling
          433.475 SU19  U278  LPD-17
          433.5   SU20  U280  LPD-18  Amateur FM calling 
          433.525 SU21  U282  LPD-19  GB2RS news
          433.55  SU22  U284  LPD-20  rally talk-in
          433.575 SU23  U286  LPD-21

          433.6...Data/digital, "emergency priority"...
          433.6         U288  LPD-22  RTTY
          433.625             LPD-23  Digital
          433.65              LPD-24  Digital
          433.675             LPD-25  Digital
          433.7               LPD-26  Emergency/Events, Fax
          433.725             LPD-27  Emergency/Events
          433.75              LPD-28  Emergency/Events
          433.775             LPD-29  Emergency/Events
          433.8               LPD-30  Digital...
            to
          433.95              LPD-36  Voice Gateways
          433.975             LPD-37  Voice Gateways
          434.0               LPD-38  Voice Gateways
          434.025             LPD-39  Voice Gateways
        --434.04= OFCOM rules appear to approve LPD in the UK from ch 40 onwards --
          434.05              LPD-40  Voice Gateways
          434.075             LPD-41
            to                         (clear & legal LPD channels)    LPD-44 calling (434.15)
          434.35              LPD-52
          434.375             LPD-53  Emergency Repeaters in (-1.6 :432.775 out)
          434.4               LPD-54
          434.425             LPD-55
          434.45              LPD-56
          434.475             LPD-57  Voice Gateways
          434.5               LPD-58  Voice Gateways
          434.525             LPD-59  Voice Gateways
          434.55              LPD-60
          434.575             LPD-61
          434.6               LPD-62  RB0 repeater input
            to
          434.775             LPD-69  RB7 repeater input
          434.8   RB8  in
            to
          434.975 RB15 in
          
 
          433.92   center of problematic Euro SRD/ISM band (433.05 - 434.79) (32 x 13.56 band)
          i.e. vehicles immobilised by ham transmissions  *grin*
          May be used for LPD and 10mW telemetry from models
          SRDs must have 10% Duty Cycle or less after end of 2005
          Advanced TV Research (audience figures) domestic boxes : 433.52, 434.02 or 434.52 (100kHz FSK)

          434.0625 ex Experimental MPT1327 Base TX Ch 1-3, to 434.0875 removed from 2012 plan

          434.6... Euro. repeaters, to 434.975  (split -1.6: reverse of UK)  RU0 to RU15


 435=...  Satellite, to 438=
          Current operational frequencies (AMSAT)  [2012]

          Various public sources (including PROMA's "The Art of Event..") report the following :
            435.625  435.725  435.750  435.775   Cadets, RAF Reserves



 438=...  top 2 MHz, to 440=    mainly used for FM channels and ATV
          438.025  Digital, to 438.175
          438.2... Euro. repeaters, to 439.475  (split -7.6 :430.6-431.875)  Germany/Swiss/Austria/Spain
                   438.4    Emergency/Event repeater (-7.6 :430.8)
                   438.425..UK repeaters in, to 438.575 (see -7.6 :438.425-438.575)
                   438.6125 DV calling    D-Star

          439.4... DV repeaters (split -9 :430.4...)  D-Star
                   439.4000 DVU32
                   439.4500 DVU36
                   439.4625 DVU37
                   439.4875 DVU39
                   439.5125 DVU41
                   439.5375 DVU43
                   439.6000 DVU48
                   439.6125 DVU49
                   439.6375 DVU51
                   439.6625 DVU53
                   439.6875 DVU55
                   439.7000 DVU56
                   439.7125 DVU57
                   439.7375 DVU59
                   439.9125 DVU73

          439.6=.. Digital...
                   439.9875 POCSAG paging (amateur)
-440= ---

          Who shares the ham band? Well, the military make good use of it (base comms etc), seeing as the hams
          don't exactly use it to the full (and aren't primary users anyway)...
          DERA perhaps (just speculation...) - now QinetiQ/DSTL.
          In July 1999 use of the following was banned by OFCOM for a week, via letter, web-site & GB2RS:
            430.650  439.450
            430.700  439.575
            430.750  439.625
            430.825  439.825
            430.875  439.875
            430.975  439.925
            430.400  439.350
            430.525  439.400


          "The civil radiolocation service operates on 432·5, 438·0, and 445·25
          in accordance with the Oslo Agreement, 1983"




 440 
          UHF1 PBR limited mainly to large cities - London, Birmingham, Manchester, Liverpool, Glasgow, Edinb., Leeds,
          Aberdeen, Bradford, Derby, Halifax, Leicester, Middlesbro, NewCastle, Preston, Sheffield, Warrington,
          Coventry, Bristol, Cardiff, Swansea, Newport. 12.5kHz channels.

          Channel xxx = (freq - 440) / 0.0125       freq = (Ch number x 0.0125) + 440    (throughout 440-450)
          except additional 0.00625 for 448:431 channels

 440.0125.PBR, to 442.250 (split -14.5: 425.5125-427.750)     RAM data

          440.325     on-site  7 (:425.825)   ch 26
          440.35      on-site  8 (:425.85)
          440.375     on-site  9 (:425.875)
          440.4       H.O.  + 440.45, 442.225
          440.5375    (ex demo/parking :426.0375)
          440.9       on-site 16 (:426.4)
          440.925     on-site 17 (:426.425)
          440.95      on-site 18 (:426.45)
          441.1125    on-site 20 (:426.6125)
          442.25      CBS        (:427.75)    ch 180

          442.2625=...JFMG, to 442.5125= Temporary location TalkBack - various areas
                      442.275 to 442.500

 442.525..PBR, to 443.4875 (split -14.5: 428.025 -428.9875)   13 JRC ch.
          442.525     on-site 26 (:428.025)   ch 202
          442.5375    CBS        (:428.0375)
          442.55      on-site 27 (:428.05)
          442.575     on-site 28 (:428.075)
          442.6       on-site 29 (:428.1)
          442.625     on-site 30 (:428.125)
          442.65      on-site 31 (:428.15)
          442.775     on-site 39 (:428.275)
          442.875     W.A. shared 43 (:428.375)
          443.45      on-site 51 (:428.95)
          443.475     on-site 53 (:428.975)
          443.4875    CBS        (:428.9875)  ch 279 

          443.5 ...   MoD  (some Eurotunnel use at 444 split +10)

                      444.3375 Tag Farnborough Airport Ltd (0276080) (:449.725) 12.5kHz

                      KDR (Swedish/Norway Kort Distanse Radio) 1W handhelds
                        444.6, 444.65, 444.8, 444.825, 444.85, 444.975

          445.2 ...   Civil TETRA DMO Direct Mode (single), to 445.3   1W ( DEC(01)21 )
                      (447.3-447.4 was alternative proposal)

 445.5125.PBR, to 445.9875 (split -20.5: 425.0125-425.4875)
          445.5125    CBS            (:425.0125)  ch 441
          445.725     on-site 57     (:425.225)
          445.800     on-site 60     (:425.3)
          445.975     W.A. shared 62 (:425.475)
          445.9875    CBS            (:425.4875)  ch 479


 446.0... PBR, to 446.4  on-site single : channels 1 to 33  (12.5kHz)
 PMR 446 
 446.006..PMR446 (Euro SRBR), to 446.093 (8x 12.5kHz - within 446-446.1, 6.25kHz offsets)
          Introduced in 1999    500mW licence exempt.      Status in Europe
          446.00625  1 (446.005 to nearest 5kHz, 1.25kHz error)
          446.01875  2 (446.020)
          446.03125  3 (446.030)
          446.04375  4 (446.045)
          446.05625  5 (446.055)
          446.06875  6 (446.070)
          446.08125  7 (446.080)
          446.09375  8 (446.095)
 446.1=...DMR Digital PMR446, to 446.2= October 2005, ECC/DEC/(05)12, 4-level FSK, 3.6kbit/s AMBE+2 voice codec
          446.103125 16 dPMR channels, 6.25kHz spaced (4800bps), to 446.196875  FDMA
             OR
          446.10625   8 DMR  channels, 12.5kHz spaced (9600bps), to 446.19375  DMR Tier I, TDMA 2-slots
          (Tier I is the licence-free (446) equivilant of the licenced VHF/UHF Tier II.  Tier III = trunked)

          Some PMR446 radios may be expanded to use extra channels from 445.88125 to 446.24375,
          and some Binatones have a 'secret' channel 9 of 447.005


          446.425=... JFMG, to 446.5125= all areas
          446.45      PBR (single)     Babcock Support Services Limited (0257953)
          446.5125=.. JFMG, to 447.5125= various areas, links, comms, talkback simp. and duplex (base)
                      Links 446.5375 to 447.4875, 50kHz spaced

 447.525..PBR, with gaps to 449.4875

          447.525  PBR single...
          447.65   on-site 34-37, to 447.6875
                   447.7   ? (non PBR)
          447.7125 on-site 38
          447.725  on-site 39
                   447.7375..(non PBR), to 447.7625
          447.775  on-site 40
          447.7875 on-site 41
          447.8    PBR
          447.8125 on-site 42
          447.825  on-site 43
          447.8375.PBR, to 447.9875


          448=... PBR, to 449=

          London only (split -17: shared with amateur 431-432) 6.25kHz offsets
          numbering of 80 channels:
          448.00625 CBS (:431.00625)  ch 640
          448.99375 CBS (:431.99375)  ch 719

          boundaries, splits, rounded carrier ranges:
          448.0000= to 448.3375=    -17: 431.0000= to 431.3375= (27 ch) .006 - .331
          448.3375= to 448.4875=    split to UHF2               (12 ch)
                    448.34375 CAB-S mobile channels 1-12, to 448.48125 (see +6.5: 454.84375..)
          448.4875= to 448.525=   -17.5: 431.3375= to 431.375=  (3 ch)  .493 - .518
          448.525=  to 448.575=   single                        (4 ch)  .531 - .568
          448.575=  to 448.6375=    -17: 431.575=  to 431.6375= (5 ch)  .581 - .631
          448.6375= to 448.6625=  single                        (2 ch)  .643 & .656
          448.6625= to 448.8375=    -17: 431.6625= to 431.8375  (14 ch) .668 - .831
          448.8375= to 448.8625=  single                        (2 ch)  .843 & .856
          448.8625= to 448.8875=    -17: 431.8625= to 431.8875= (2 ch)  .868 & .881
          448.8875= to 448.9125=  single                        (2 ch)  .893 & .906
          448.9125= to 448.9375=    -17: 431.9125= to 431.9375= (2 ch)  .918 & .931
          448.9375= to 448.9625=  single                        (2 ch)  .943 & .956
          448.9625= to 449.000=     -17: 431.9625= to 432=      (3 ch)  .968 - .993


          London only : some -17.5 approx splits to middle of 431-432
          449.0125    from +6.5 ch13
          449.025---431.38125   and from +6.6 ch19
          449.0375    from +6.5 ch18
          449.05----431.39375
          449.0625--431.40625
          449.075---431.41875
          449.0875    from +6.5 ch14
          449.09375=  to  449.11875=  Paging :  449.10625 Traffic info
          449.125   single
          449.1375--431.43125
          449.15----431.44375
          449.1625    from +6.5 ch15
          449.175     from +6.5 ch16
          449.1875    from +6.5 ch17
          449.2-----431.45625
          449.2125--431.46875
          449.225---431.48125
          449.2375--431.51875
          449.25----431.53125
          449.2625  single
          449.275   single
          449.2875  single
          449.3       -no PBR-
          449.3125  Simple UK Light (was UK General) (2002)
          449.325---431.54375 
          449.3375--431.55625
          449.35----431.56875
          449.3625--431.94375
          449.375---431.95625
          449.3875  single
          449.4     Simple UK Light (was UK General) (2002)
          449.4125  single...
          449.475   Simple UK Light (was UK General) (2002)
          449.4875  single

          449.5=... MoD

                    Euro Recommendation T/R 75-03 (Nice 1985) set 449.5-450 as a prefered band for UK use by
                    visiting foreigners for temporary PMR use, but 75-03 has not been implemented by the UK

         
          449.75=.. Space ops/research, to 450.25=   Earth-to-Space

            (Czech licence-free two-way 448.490, 448.570, 448.610, 449.770, 449.810  up to 5W)



 450 
    UHF2: 450= to 470= - emergency services, PBR, Paging, Telemetry, SRD, SAB

          PBR mobile segments may contain single frequency simplex use. 12.5kHz channels. No CBS.
          Data systems (RAM/Hutchinson - 14 channel pairs, 17 in UHF1)  [Hear it here!] Transcomm Mobitex
          UHF PMR started in the early 1960s

          450-451 used to be used for Links, split +14: 464-465
          other old link pairings in UHF2 used splits of 5.5, 6.5, 12.5 MHz
          457-458.5, 460.5-461.5, 462.5-464, 467-470 were used.
          Links have moved up the spectrum as technology has improved.

          There is a Euro plan (25-08) to re-organise 450-470: (boundaries)
          460 ... Base, to 470 (split -10: 450-460)


          -------
          OFCOM planned to find the best way to realign from 2005-2010

              Keep 457/467 Marine, 466.075 paging, 458.5-459.5 SRD. All single to move to 440-450
          1)  454 Paging : 440-450
          2)  456 PMR : 464
          3)  456/462 single PMR : 440-450
          4)  457.5 Scanning Telemetry : 461.5
          5)  residual 999 : 466
          6)  455 CAA PMR : 467
          7)  PMSE : 465
          8)  453/460 single PMR : 440-450
          9)  453 PMR : 463
          10) 461 single PMR : 440-450
          11) PMSE : 460
          12) PMSE : 467

          New Plan (approximate segments)
          460.0=...PMSE
          460.4=...
          461.5=...Scan.Tel
          462.5=...
          463.32...PMR
          464.84...PMSE
          465.4375...
          466.38...Emergency Services, to 466.92
          466.937..CAA PMR
          467.25=..PMSE
          468.08...      (468.5-469.5 in reserve due to SRD at -10)

          Gaps left for future TETRA, etc.

          There were so many objections, the plan was abandoned!
          -------


 450=...  H.O. - Emergency Services and HMPs, to 453= (with 464-467.25)  typical splits +13.9 or +14  (before TETRA)
             (started mid 1966 as 451-452, then expanded up to 453, then down by 1MHz to include 450-451 1987-jul.1989)
             25kHz channels until 1999, then used some 12.5kHz
             452.0-452.275 split 14 : 466.0-466.275 used for ROC/UKWMO links in 1970s/80s   (source)

            Dredging International (0734629) 12.5kHz single
            450.1 450.4 450.65 450.9 451.45 464.1 464.4 464.65 464.8 465.0 466.15



 453.00625= boundary for start of UHF2 PBR
 453.0125 PBR single, or dual with mobile at 461.275
 453.025..PBR, to 453.9875 dual 12.5kHz (split +6.5: 459.525-460.4875)  
          ..and 25kHz single:
                               453.025----459.525  on-site 1 dual
          453.0375    single             (459.5375 = H.O.)
                               453.050----459.55
                               453.0625---459.5625 on-site 2 dual
          453.075     on-site 31          459.575  on-site 1
                               453.0875---459.5875 on-site 3 dual
                               453.100----459.6    on-site 4 dual
                               453.1125---459.6125 on-site 5 dual
          453.125     on-site 32          459.625  on-site 2
                               453.1375---459.6375 BT Plc (0075934)
                               453.150----459.65
                               453.1625---459.6625 BT Plc (0075934)
                               453.175----459.675  on-site 7 dual
                               453.1875---459.6875 BT Plc (0075934)
                               453.200----459.7
                               453.2175---459.7175 BT Plc (0075934)
          453.225     on-site 33          459.725  on-site 3
                               453.2375---459.7375 BT Plc (0075934)
                               453.250----459.75   W.A. shared 4
                               453.2625---459.7625 BT Plc (0075934)
                               453.275----459.775
                               453.2875---459.7875 BT Plc (0075934)
          453.300     on-site 34          459.8    on-site 4
                               453.3175---459.8175 BT Plc (0075934)
                               453.325----459.825
                               453.3375---459.8375 BT Plc (0075934)
          453.350     on-site 35          459.85   on-site 5
                               453.3625---459.8625 BT Plc (0075934)
                               453.375----459.875  on-site, many hospitals
                               453.3875---459.8875 BT Plc (0075934)
          453.400     on-site 36          459.9    on-site 6
                               453.4125---459.9125
          453.425     on-site 37          459.925  on-site 7
                               453.4375---459.9375 on-site
          453.450     on-site 38          459.95   on-site 8
                               453.4625---459.9625
                               453.475----459.975  on-site
                               453.4875---459.9875
                               453.500----460.0    on-site 8 dual
                               453.5125---460.0125
          453.525     on-site 39          460.025  on-site 9
                               453.5375---460.0375
                               453.550----460.05   National 4 dual (rail)
                               453.5625---460.0625
          453.575     on-site 40          460.075  on-site 10
                               453.5875---460.0875 Tesco (0298142)
                               453.600----460.1    on-site 9 dual
          453.6125    rail     453.6125---460.1125 rail
          453.625     on-site 41          460.125  on-site 11
                               453.6375---460.1375 M&S (0284510)
          453.650     on-site 42          460.15   on-site 12
                               453.6625---460.1625 BT (0297497)
          453.675     on-site 43          460.175  on-site 13
          453.6875    Demo             ---460.1875
          453.700
                               453.7125---460.2125
          453.725     on-site 44          460.225  on-site 14
                               453.7375---460.7375 tech. assigned - on-site?
                               453.750----460.25   on-site 11 dual
                               453.7625---460.2625
                               453.775----460.275  tech. assigned - on-site?
                               453.7875---460.2875
                               453.800----460.3    wide area
                               453.8125---460.3125
                               453.825----460.325  tech. assigned - on-site?
                               453.8375---460.3375 tech. assigned
                               453.850----460.35   wide area
                               453.8625---460.3625
          453.875     on-site 45          460.375  on-site 15
                               453.8875---460.3875
                               453.900----460.4    National 5 dual (rail)
                               453.9125---460.4125 
                               453.925----460.425  on-site 14 dual
                               453.9375---460.4375
          453.950     on-site 46          460.450  on-site 16
                               453.9625---460.4625 wide area
                               453.975----460.475  W.A. shared 7
                               453.9875---460.4875

          London 2012 Olympic Delivery Authority, dual channels
          453.4875 453.5375 453.7875 453.8625 453.8875 453.9375 
          456.3625 456.4375 456.5125 456.5875 456.6625 456.7125 456.7625 456.8125 456.8875 456.9375


          454.025 ... Paging and some PBR, to 454.825

                      New (3.apr.2000) On-site Religious Observance Radio service   i.e. "Call-to-prayer"
                      454.39375 454.40625 454.79375 454.80625 ( +/- 6.25kHz around 454.4 & 454.8 )
                      10 min.s max. broadcasts - follow-ons must wait four times the length of the
                      preceding message.     3km range, maybe more.

                      454.06875 Leicester City Council (0250278) 12.5kHz
                      454.08125 Leicester City Council (0250278) 12.5kHz
                      454.15  dual 25kHz (split +10: 464.15)  i.e. Airradio
                      454.3   dual 25kHz (split +10: 464.3)   i.e. Airradio
                      454.30625 Leicester City Council (0250278) 12.5kHz
                      454.375 dual 25kHz (split +10: 464.375) i.e. Airradio
                      454.4     On-site Religious Observance Radio service
                      454.425 Parking/Demo/hire/trunked (split +7: 461.425)
                      454.45  JRC (:460.825)
                      454.5   Divided into 2x 6.25 channels Business Radio (Area Defined) (split : 460.7625)
                              454.496875  Office of Communications (:460.759375) 6.25kHz nationwide (0797748)
                              454.503125  Office of Communications (:460.765625) 6.25kHz nationwide (0797748)
                      454.525 dual 25kHz (split +10: 464.525) i.e. Airradio
                      454.55  JRC (:460.85)
                      454.575 dual 25kHz (split +7: 461.575)  i.e. Airradio
                      454.6   dual 25kHz (split +7: 461.6)    i.e. Airradio
                      454.625 dual 25kHz (split +7: 461.625)  i.e. Airradio
                      454.625 JRC (:460.875)
                      454.65  dual 25kHz (split +7: 461.65)   i.e. Airradio
                      454.675 JRC (:460.975)
                      454.7   single 25kHz
                      454.7   dual 25kHz (split +7: 461.7)    i.e. Airradio   TETRA
                      454.725 dual 25kHz (split +7: 461.725)  i.e. Airradio
                      454.75  dual 25kHz (split +7: 461.75)   i.e. Airradio
                      454.775 dual 25kHz (split +7: 461.775)  i.e. Airradio
                      454.8     On-site Religious Observance Radio service
                      454.81875 Leicester City Council (0250278) 12.5kHz
                      454.825   single

 454.8375=
 454.84375..."CAB Secure" (Rail CAB-S or CSR) ch 1-12, to 454.98125 (split -6.5: 448.34375-448.48125)
             1 454.84375:448.34375  12.5kHz spaced with 6.25kHz offsets
             2 454.85625:448.35625  control (data)
                 to
            12 454.98125:448.48125

            13 455.5125:449.0125 (-6.5)
            14 455.5875:449.0875
            15 455.6625:449.1625
            16 455.675 :449.175
            17 455.6875:449.1875
            18 455.5375:449.0375
            19 455.625 :449.025

            CSR/NRN replaced by GSM-R (921-925MHz) between 2007 and 2013.


 454.85...PBR, to 454.975


          454.9875=...JFMG, to 455.4625=  short term links and location talkback base (with 468.018-468.506) (+airborne)


 455.475..PBR, to 455.85  (split +5.3/5.5/5.65: 460.775-461.225)  was mostly Airports (CAA), now various on-site too
                    some channels were once split -6.5: 449.0375-449.1875 - as is the current CAB-S system

   single or dual      +5.3     +5.5     +5.65
          455.475 --- 460.775
          455.4875--- 460.7875
          455.5   --- 460.8    461.0
         (455.5125 13)
          455.525 ---                   461.175
          455.5375---                   461.1875   (and CAB-S 18)
          455.55  --- 460.85            461.2
          455.5625--- 460.8625          461.2125 
          455.575 --- 460.875  461.075  461.225
         (455.5875 14)
          455.6   --- 460.9
          455.6125--- 460.9125 461.1125
          455.625 --- 460.925  461.125             (and CAB-S 19)
          455.6375--- 460.9375
          455.65  --- 460.95
         (455.6625 15)
         (455.675  16)
         (455.6875 17)                    (was once paired +4.0: 459.6875)
          455.7   --- 461.0
          455.7125--- 461.0125
          455.725 --- 461.025  461.225
          455.7375--- 461.0375
          455.75  --- 461.05
          455.7625--- 461.0625
          455.775 --- 461.075
          455.7875--- 461.0875
          455.8   --- 461.1
          455.8125--- 461.1125
          455.825 --- 461.125
          455.8375--- 461.1375
          455.85  --- 461.15

          455.8625 ? 
          455.875  ?
          455.8875... H.O., to 455.9875    Fire Service on-site ("fireground") etc.
                      455.9875 Inter Service Liason, ch 69 (as ch 70 with 462.5375)


 456.0... PBR, to 456.9875 dual 12.5kHz (split +5.5: 461.500-462.4875)   and single:
                             456.0   ---461.5    National 18 dual
                             456.0125---461.5125 STH/demo/parking Trunked
                             456.025 ---461.525  on-site 15 dual
                             456.050 ---461.550  W.A.Shared 8

                             456.0625---461.5625 JRC
                                     to
                             456.3125---461.8125 (21 ch)

                             456.2625---461.7625 National 35 dual
                             456.3375---461.8375 STH/demo/parking Trunked
                             456.35  ---461.85   on-site 16 dual
                             456.375 ---461.875  National 38 dual
                             456.3875---461.8875 STH  or either singly
                             456.4   ---461.9    National 39 dual
                             456.4125---461.9125 National 40 dual
                             456.425 ---461.925  National 41 dual
                             456.4625---461.9625 STH/demo/parking Trunked
                             456.475 ---461.975  W.A.Shared 9
                                        462.050  ex UK General
                             456.5625---462.0625 STH/demo/parking Trunked
          456.575     on-site 47        462.075  on-site 25
                             456.600 ---462.100  on-site 18 dual
          456.625     on-site 48        462.125  on-site 26
                             456.650 ---462.150  on-site 19 dual
                             456.675 ---462.175  on-site 20 dual
                             456.6875---462.1875 STH/demo/parking Trunked
          456.725     on-site 49        462.225  on-site 27
          456.775     on-site 50        462.275  on-site 28
          456.800     on-site 51        462.300  on-site 29
                             456.825 ---462.325  on-site 23 dual
                             456.875 ---462.375  on-site 24 dual
          456.8625    STH (ex RQAS)     462.3625 STH
                                        462.375
          456.900     on-site 52        462.400  on-site 30
                             456.925 ---462.425  demo/parking   or either singly
                             456.9625---462.4625 STH/demo/parking Trunked
          456.975     PBR               462.475  STH
                             456.9875---462.4875 STH  (or 456.9875 singly)

                     CIBS 456.975 was the Coach and Independent Bus Sector emergency 5W channel (til 31.12.04)



          457.0=  ... H.O. (some split +5.5), to 457.25=
                      Fire Service (source : PROMA)  Incident/BA channels

          457.256 ... JFMG short term location talkback base, to 457.468 (with 467.293-467.531) 6.25 kHz offsets
          457.475=... H.O. (Fire) 
                      457.4875 ch 7


 457.5=.. Scanning Telemetry, to 458.5= (split +5.5: Outstations at 463-464)
          457.50625-458.49375 Scanners, 12.5kHz channels 1 to 80 (i.e. 6.25kHz offsets) - with 463.00625-463.99375

          457.525 ... Marine on-board comms, to 457.575 (may be split +10)   International
                      2W max. Was 25kHz spaced, WRC-97 added 2 x 12.5kHz channels at 457.5375 and 457.5625
                      For USA/Can./Philippines territorial waters, 25kHz, an extra 457 channel and a different split:
                        457.525 to 457.6 (split +10.225: 467.75-467.825)
                  -Simp.-Rptr-
          457.525  1 D   G
          457.5375    O   K
          457.550  2 E   H
          457.5625    P   L
          457.575  3 F   J
         (457.600        US: R4)



 458.5 
 458.5=.. Telemetry, SRD, Model Control, Local Comms, to 459.5=

          458.5=.. Telemetry, SRD, to 459.1=

          458.5=...  Telemetry, Telecommand - Industrial/Commercial - 500mW, to 458.95
          458.825    Fixed Alarms    100mW
          458.8375   Portable Alarms 100mW
          458.9      Vehicle paging  100mW
          458.9625=..Medical/Bio, to 459.1=


 458.525..model control, to 459.475 - channels 1 to 39


 458.85.. On-site paging / local comms, to 459.475 (25kHz)
          459.0   some single use

          "Simple Site Light" (2008)  cheaply licensed 2W Voice/Paging like "Simple UK Light" (ex "UK General")
          but allowing base stations and 25kHz b/w. Shared with r/c models, but that's low power - CTCSS deals with it.
          459.05
         (459.075 why the gap?)
          459.1
            to  (25kHz steps)
          459.475

          Simple Site Light  replaced "self-select" one-way paging and the "Local Communications" licence that paired:
          459.125, .15, .25 .35 .45        : 160.0 .025 .05 .075 .1     or 164.2 (any pairings)
          459.175 to 459.3 (except 459.25) : 159.6375-159.7 (not .6875) or 164.2 (any pairings)
          459.325 : 161.0125
          459.375 : 161.0375
          459.400 : 161.0625
          459.425 : 161.0875
          459.475 : 161.1125

          Simple Site Light users may use 459 Single, or make their own pairings from :
            26.2375  26.410  26.4375  26.4625  26.545  26.588  26.6155  26.6695  26.7255  26.8155  26.8655  26.865
            and the above 459 channels  (459.05 - 459.475)
          Paging and Data:
            49.0 - 49.4125, 49.4875,
            159.6375 - 159.675,  159.7,  161.0 - 161.11250,  164.2

 459.4875=



          459.4875=.. H.O. (.5 .5125 .5375)  ex Air ambulances
          459.525 ... PBR, see 453.025
          460.500=... H.O., to 460.75=  Some prisons. Was used for air traffic control links, to +6.5: 467...
          460.7625    PBR, see 454.5
          460.775 ... PBR, see 455.475 (and some 454)

          461.2375... JFMG, & 461.25 (split +7.2875: 468.525 & 468.5375)


 461.2625.PBR and SRBR, to 461.4875 (SRBR until 31.Dec.2003)
          461.2625    PBR: Call-Systems Technology Ltd (0302545) - was SRBR
          461.275     mobile - base=453.0125
          461.2875    UK General 1
          461.3       Alarmnet Limited (0789582) - was SRBR paging (and demo/parking for that) until end of 2006
          461.3125    on-site 17
          461.325     on-site 18
          461.3375    on-site 19
          461.35      on-site 20
          461.3625    on-site 21
          461.375     UK General 2
          461.3875    on-site 22
          461.4       on-site 23
          461.4125    special events
          461.425     mobile side :454.425 (was special events)
          461.4375    special events
          461.450     UK General 3
          461.4625    on-site 24
          461.475     PBR: Call-Systems Technology Ltd (0302545) - was SRBR
          461.4875    PBR: Call-Systems Technology Ltd (0302545) - was SRBR
 
          461.500 ... PBR, see 456
 462.49375= boundary for end of UHF2 PBR


          462.500=... H.O., to 462.75=
                      mobile for Fire channels 2,5,70 (from 455/457)

                      (US GMRS/FRS handies - and white/black/orange "dot" handhelds)
                       GMRS ch 1 to 8  at 462.55   to 462.725  (25kHz steps)  with mobile at +5MHz
                       FRS  ch 1 to 7  at 462.5625 to 462.7125 (25kHz steps)  also used for GMRS single
                          & ch 8 to 14 at 467.5625 to 467.7125 (5MHz above ch 1 to 7)
                       462.550  G1
                       462.5625 F1
                       462.575  G2
                       462.5875 F2
                       462.600  G3
                       462.6125 F3
                       462.625  G4
                       462.6375 F4
                       462.650  G5
                       462.6625 F5
                       462.675  G6
                       462.6875 F6
                       462.700  G7
                       462.7125 F7
                       462.725  G8
                          F8-F14: see 467.5625...

          462.756 ... JFMG fixed sites talkback (split +6.7375/+6.875: 469.493-469.868) 6.25kHz offsets
          463.000=... ST, see 457.5=
          464.000=... H.O., to 467.25=    see 450.025=
                     (464.5 & 464.55 USA brown and yellow "dot" unlicensed handhelds)
                      466.05  Paging
                      466.075 Paging


 467.25=..(managed by OFCOM), to 469.875= (mostly JFMG)
          467.2625=...JFMG... links and talkback (+airborne)
          467.275 ... see 457.25

          467.525 ..  Marine on-board, to 467.575  single, or dual: see -10    NOT USA/Can./Philippines
                      467.75... USA/Can./Philippines Marine on-board, to 467.825 (split -10.225: 457.525-457.6)
                  -Simp.-Rptr-
          467.525  4 A   G
          467.5375    M   K
          467.550  5 B   H
          467.5625    N   L  (is also FRS-8)
          467.575  6 C   J
         (467.750        US: M1)
         (467.775        US: M2)
         (467.800        US: M3)
         (467.825        US: M4)

                      467.55... USA FRS (and GMRS repeaters in), to 467.725 - see 462.55
                                467.5625 F8  & Marine
                                467.5875 F9
                                467.6125 F10
                                467.6375 F11
                                467.6625 F12
                                467.6875 F13
                                467.7125 F14

                               (467.7625  USA J-dot unlicensed handhelds)
                               (467.8125  USA K-dot)
                               (467.85... USA silver,gold,red,blue "star" radios, to 467.925

                      467.6...  Euro railways T/R 22-01 (Malaga-Torremolinos 1975), to 468.1 (split -10) 25kHz ch
                                
          468.0125    single.
          468.018 ... JFMG, to 468.5375, see 455 and 461.237 (includes Special Event PMR)
          469.493 ... fixed sites, to 469.868 - see 462.756

 469.875=..H.O.  England & Wales




-470=--------------------------
          BROADCASTING Primary, Land Mobile as secondary (PMSE managed by JFMG).
          TV in Bands IV and V, arranged in the UK as 8MHz channels from 21 to 69 ending at 862 MHz.
          Exact definitions vary for Bands 4 and 5, with the gap in the middle at ch 36. 

          Ch 69 was never used for TV, just PMSE, which also makes use of spare channels around the band per location.
          One extra 8MHz UK channel 862-870 is known as channel 70, used for SRD, especially 863-865 mics.

          UK DSO (Digital Switch Over from analogue) from  Nov 2008 (Selkirk, Border region)  to Oct 2012 (N Ireland).
          Freeview HD launched in April 2010.

          Present (2012) situation :
          DTTV - Digital Terrestial TV, COFDM - 2k (1705 carriers, 7.61MHz bw) or 8k (6817)
          Launched (UK) as ONdigital 15 Nov 1998, changed to ITV Digital 11 July 2001, then Freeview 30 Oct 2002.
          Radar has been removed (July 2009) from around channel 36, and Radio Astronomy protection (ch 38), so
          the entire ch 21-69 was free for Broadcasting and PMSE until the "800 MHz band" was given to IMT.

          Mobile Broadband intrusion :
          Switchover planned to release channels 31-40 (600MHz Band) and 63-68 (800MHz Band) for Ofcom to re-license,
          as WRC 2000 had decided to re-allocate from 806 to 960 MHz to UMTS. But seven years later, WRC-07 then
          allocated  790-862MHz (ch 61-69) to mobile services throughout Region 1 (primary) as from 17.jun.2015
          (in some CEPT countries it is possible to utilise this band for mobile services before 2015).
          An "800 MHz Clearance" followed (2012 onwards, during DSO), to clear ch 61 & 62, and move PMSE from 69 to 38,
          as a European standard 800MHz FDD channel plan was drawn up for 4G mobile broadband at 790-862.

          Offsets - may be used to alleviate co-channel interference.
          DTV may have negative or positive offsets of 1/6th MHz (166.666kHz) on any individual multiplex.
          With Analogue TV, this involved 'offset units' of 1/12 of the Line Frequency (15.625kHz UK).
          UK TV sound often appeared to be on xxx.225 or xxx.275 instead of the nominal xxx.250
          due to the use of 20/12 offsets (26.041666 kHz). 
          With US NTSC it was approximately 10kHz, in France somewhere around 37.5kHz (29ou 37.760416? 30ou 39.0625?).
          (no offsets used on analogue radio, but DAB ensembles may be shifted by some steps on the 16kHz raster)

          In France the same DVB-T standard is used, so you may TV DX with a UK TV. Their "TNT" started 31.mar.2005,
          and HD launched 30.oct.2008. French ASO (Analogue Switch Off) ran from November 2009 to November 2011.

          
 bound.s--ch
 470-478  21   476.425.. Australian/NZ UHF CB (if any used in the UK), 80 x 12.5kHz, to 477.4125
 478-486  22
 486-494  23
 494-502  24
 502-510  25
 510-518  26
 518-526  27
 526-534  28
 534-542  29
 542-550  30
 550-558  31 *7* "600 MHz Band" start (550-606)
 558-566  32 *7*  'Digital dividend' from DSO, likely to be awarded to 3 more TV 'layers' (7 to 9)
 566-574  33 *7*
 574-582  34 *8*
 582-590  35 *8*
 590-598  36 *8*
 598-606  37 *9* "600 MHz Band" end
 606-614  38 UK PMSE (replaced ch69, confirmed 30.Jun.09) available 1-1-2012 when R. Astronomy (610) protection ended
 614-622  39
 622-630  40
 630-638  41
 638-646  42
 646-654  43
 654-662  44
 662-670  45
 670-678  46
 678-686  47
 686-694  48
 694-702  49
 702-710  50
 710-718  51
 718-726  52
 726-734  53
 734-742  54
 742-750  55
 750-758  56
 758-766  57
 766-774  58
 774-782  59
 782-790  60 
------------ End of TV Band  after DSO and 'DTT clearance' ---------
 790-798  61 * "800 MHz Band" start (790-862)
 798-806  62 *
 806-814  63 *
 814-822  64 *
 822-830  65 *   (824-849 & 869-894 are blocked on RX equipment sold in USA)
 830-838  66 *
 838-846  67 *
 846-854  68 *
 854-862  69 * "800 MHz Band" end -  UK PMSE til end 2012. Access til at least 1.jul.2012, 1-Oct-12 Lond, NI, Tyne Tees
(862-870  70   remains SRD)




diagram of 800 MHz Band



          800 MHz band plan  for 4G LTE Mobile
          FDD (Freq. Division) of 2 x 30MHz (each 30 divided into 6 x 5MHz), 41MHz split

 790-791     (1MHz guardband at ch61)
 791-821  Base - Downlinks DL1 to DL6
 821-832     11MHz "Duplex Gap" to be used (from 1-1-2013) for PMSE, 1mW ERP without licence, or:
             823-826 licenced,  20mW EIRP (RIR1009-18)
             826-832 licenced, 100mW EIRP (RIR1009-13)
 832-862  Mobile - Uplinks UL1 to UL6




 NOTES
          Analogue TV of the past :

          UK System I (1969-2012) - PAL : Offsets of +/- 26.0416 kHz may be used to alleviate co-channel interference
          AM  Vision carrier  at +1.25 (Lower Sideband vestigial)
          FMW Sound  carrier  at +7.25 (sound 6 higher than video - 5.996 actually. 5.9996?) (50kHz deviation FM)
          Nicam digital sound at +7.802 (QPSK) first test 1984, introduced summer 1991 on BBC2
                      (Colour at +5.683)

          French System L - Secam : Offsets of +/- 37.5 (?) kHz may be used.
          AM  Vision carrier  at +1.25 (inverted video)
          AM  Sound  carrier  at +7.75 (sound 6.5 higher than video)
          Nicam digital sound at +7.55

          JFMG - ch 21 to 34 - mics and talkback (split +80MHz)
          Central London ONLY :
          473.275     Camera Data etc.  + 473.300, 473.350   1W max
          473.400=... Short Term audio links, to 474=  5W max, up to 200kHz
          474.0=...   Indoor Talkback, to 475= (split -4 : 470= to 471=)  1W max
          475.0=...   ST links, to 475.25=  (as 473.4)

 
 bound.s--ch--sound-
 470-478  21  477.25     can be used, remember, for special event PMR -  split 4.1 for example
 478-486  22  485.25
 486-494  23  493.25
 494-502  24  501.25     some lists show 500.0 MHz as a mil distress channel. Hmmmm ??!!!
 502-510  25  509.25
 510-518  26  517.25
 518-526  27  525.25
 526-534  28  533.25
 534-542  29  541.25
 542-550  30  549.25
 550-558  31  557.25
 558-566  32  565.25
 566-574  33  573.25
 574-582  34  581.25
 582-590  35  589.25   + JFMG links and mics    (radar on 586 until 1995)

 590-598 (36) 597.25     VCRs / Computers etc
                         594  Aeronautical Radar 50cm - cleared by OFCOM, June 2009

 598-606  37  605.25   + JFMG links  (was once used for radar on 602, until 1995)
 606-614  38  613.25   + JFMG mics
                         610  Radio Astronomy
 614-622  39  621.25   + JFMG talkback (split -80MHz), to 662  NZ 50cm band
 622-630  40  629.25
 630-638  41  637.25
 638-646  42  645.25
 646-654  43  653.25
 654-662  44  661.25
 662-670  45  669.25
 670-678  46  677.25
 678-686  47  685.25
 686-694  48  693.25
 694-702  49  701.25  (695-720 talkback)
 702-710  50  709.25
 710-718  51  717.25
 718-726  52  725.25
 726-734  53  733.25
 734-742  54  741.25
 742-750  55  749.25
 750-758  56  757.25
 758-766  57  765.25
 766-774  58  773.25
 774-782  59  781.25
 782-790  60  789.25
 790-798  61  797.25       Military Radio Relay from 790
 798-806  62  805.25
 806-814  63  813.25
 814-822  64  821.25
 822-830  65  829.25
 830-838  66  837.25
 838-846  67  845.25
 846-854  68  853.25
 854-862 (69)          JFMG SAB
 862-870 (70)          SRD




-854=--------------------------
          Channel 69, now part of '800 MHz Band'. Previous life as PMSE :

 854=...  JFMG ch69 - PMSE, mics, to 862

          854.0=... "allocated to a government department", to 854.25=
          854.25=.. JFMG up to 1W - mics / talkback / links, to 862
                      higher powered links at 856.8 and 860.6 - 200kHz b.width, or subdivided to 50kHz channels
                      mics only at 854.9 855.275 855.9 856.175 856.575 857.625 857.95
                                   858.2 858.65  860.4 860.9   861.2   861.55  861.75 (all 200kHz b.width)
                      mic channels may be used for talkback subject to appropriate power restictions

                      858.750 - 859.750 only available to radiomics, indoors - because:
          856=...   MoD,  to 859.75 "500 kHz tactical training radio relay channels"

          860.1=... Shared mic channels, available accross UK, to 862=




-862=--------------------------
          Channel 70, Euro-harmonised Short Range Devices band, 863 to 870
          "mobile except aeronautical mobile service", to 960  (T/R 75-02)

          862=...   HO, to 863=  "Fire Service band" "currently reserved for Fire Service Telemetry"
                    862.9625 BA telemetry (869.5 for other industry)


          863=...   Low  Band - Audio
                    Wireless speakers, Cordless headphones, consumer mics, etc ('ch 70' mics), assisted listening
                    10mW max (300kHz bw) Euro-harmonised 1998

                    864.8=  50kHz bw, to 865=
                            ETSI EN 300 220  "This appears to be a sub-band
                            for 'Narrow band analogue voice' permitted 100% duty cycle at 10mW e.r.p"
                            http://www.atcb.com/publicdocs/New-CEPT-70-03-Document.pdf
                            864.8125 1
                            864.8375 2
                            864.8625 3
                            864.8875 4 Calling
                            864.9125 5
                            864.9375 6
                            864.9625 7
                            864.9875 8


          865=...   Mid  Band - RFID
                    866...  proposed for Asset Tracking, to 868 (to 177-191 MHz CDMA)
                    867.6.. proposed ETSI paging narrow band returns, to 868.0


          868=...   High Band - Misc SRD, to 870  - Alarms, telemetry, control and other data

                    European licence-free LPD Short Range Device (SRD860) two-way radio, max legal power 5mW
                    on 126 channels in 5 bands

                    868=...   25mW ...
                              Band A  SRD-860  868.00625-868.59375  48 ch (12.5kHz)
                    868.6 ..  Alarms - 10mW ...
                    868.7 ..  25mW ...
                              Band B  SRD-860  868.70625-869.19375  40 ch (12.5kHz)
                    869.2 ..  Euro Social Alarms ...
                    869.25..  Alarms - 10mW ...
                    869.3...  (SRD) ...
                              Band C2 SRD-860  869.31250-869.38750   4 ch (25kHz)
                    869.4...  500mW ...
                              Band C  SRD-860  869.41250-869.63750  10 ch (25kHz)
                    869.65..  Alarms - 25mW ...
                    869.7...  5mW      Cybiko
                              Band D  SRD-860  869.70625-869.99375  24 ch (12.5kHz)



                    NOTES

                    869-894 & 824-849 are blocked on RX equipment sold in USA

                    864.1= .. CT2,  to 868.1=  phased out. No new equipment after April 2005
                           864.15 ch 1, to 868.05 ch 40  (100kHz steps) - 10mW  2 level FSK




-870=--------------------------

 Mobile
 870=...  Mobile, usually Dual (870-915 mobile) with 45MHz split to 915-960 (base) ...
                       870 - 871   Euro-band for ERMES returns
                                   870.0 - 870.6 announced 13.jul.2000
                       870 - 876   reserved for future TETRA
          872 (917)
          876 (921)    876.0125... proposed Euro-UIC direct-mode single freq duplex, to 876.0625 (5 x 12.5kHz) 1W
          880 (925)    888...  SRD, to 889  to be phased out by 2004
          890 (935)    898.. ISM +/- 8 MHz
          915 (960)

          902...      unapproved USA   cordless phones, to 908      (handsets -90, +19.9 or +24)



 Base
 915=...  Base section, to 960= (split -45: 870-915)  Cellphones - GSM Global System for Mobility
          915-933 "Army communications training with wide-band Triffid radio relay sets"

 915=...  reserved for future TETRA, Europe, to 921 (-45: 870-876) (esp 916-917, UK)
            919.5=.. future Amateur, to 920=   recommended by DSI2 for 2008

 921=...  UIC, to 925= (by 2005) Euro. Railways GSM-R system
          "roll out should start in 2002 and be completed by 2006 ... following a European initiative called EIRENE"
          Channel numbers GSM-R 921.2 (ch955).. E-GSM 925.2 (975).. 934.8 (1023).. 935.0 (ch 0).. GSM 935.2 (1)..
            921.0.. unused guard band, to 921.1  (see 876 for direct mode)
            921.2   first
            924.8   last (19th)
            925.0   this channel is a wasted 'guard band'

 925=...  E-GSM - Extended GSM, 925.2 to 935     925-960(:880-915) is UMTS Band VIII

 935=...  GSM, to 960=  (-45: 890-915)    (tech, more, more, more, MikeP)  [Hear it here!]
            935.2 - 959.8 (ch 1-124) TDMA 200kHz channels. Digital duplex. Scrambled. Base continuous, 1.5kW max!

            935.2 - 939.6 Vodafone
            939.8 - 947   O2 (Cellnet)
            947.4 - 954.8 Vodafone
            955.2 - 960=  O2 (Cellnet)

            A cellsite broadcasting on 951.2 may also be using another channel such as 954.8 for traffic
            which is why it may not show up on a freq. counter.
            Maximum mast-to-phone distance (due to timing limitations) is 35km (8km for 3G).
            Find your local antennas with NetMonitor (Nokia)!  (Motorola)  (*4329 with Trium)  (Siemens)
             - shows channel number, signal strength in -dBm, distance to mast in 500m steps (during calls), and more!

            Latest smart phones (Android) have some free apps that can show you Cell ID numbers and signal strength.



 NOTES

 917=...  ex ETACS/TACS, to 950=   1985 - (phased out by 2005)    Cellnet until 1.Oct.2000   Vodafone end of May 2001
          917.0125 to 949.9875 (25 kHz duplex channels, 12.5kHz offsets)
          917.0125 to 934.9625 ch 1329 to 2047
          934.9875 to 949.9875 ch 0 to 600 
          (Control channels at 935.56-936.06 & 943.06-943.56)   [Hear it here!]
          917  - 924   Vodafone
          925  - 933.1 Cellnet
          933.9- 935.1 Vodafone

 In 1987 the GSM Directive reserved the use of part of the 900MHz spectrum band for GSM
 .. updated in September 2009 by Directive 2009/114/EC to allow more advanced, next generation wireless technologies
 to also use this band of the radio spectrum, starting with 3G (UMTS) mobile broadband technology. 

 930=...  CT1+ euro cordless phones, to 932= (split -45) from 1980s to 2002   ( phased out: DEC(01)01 )
          930.0125.. 80 x 25kHz channels, to 931.9875    unapproved cordless phones

 933=...  DSRR, to 935= (Digital Short Range Radio), never happened (Euro plans withdrawn)
          Draft idea announced by DTI march 1986, became Euro decision  ERC/DEC/(93)01e 12th March 1993
          and ETSI standard spec I-ETS 300 168 - max 4W  
          Base 933-935, -45 split to mobile 888-890
          Control channels  933.6625 & 934.3125 : 888.6625 & 889.3125
          T/R 20-10 E 1990-93  withdrawn 01 November 1996
     
 934.0125.ex UK CB, to 934.9625 (934/81) (20 channels, 50kHz spacing) 8W 2.Nov.1981 to 31.12.1998  history
          Phased out from end of 1988 due to impending DSRR which never came to be,
          the 934/81 band became part of ETACS, later Extended GSM.

 959=...  CT1  euro cordless phones, to 960= (split -45) from 1980s to 2002   ( phased out: DEC(01)01 )
          959.0125.. 40 x 25kHz channels, to 959.9875

 There is an Amateur 33cm allocation in the USA from 902 to 928 MHz, and 922-927 in NZ    (ARRL Bandplans 2012)




-960=--------------------------
          Aero. Navigation (DME/IFF), 
          Military Link16/JTIDS (969-1206) Tactical Data Link / Secure Voice (timeslot divided)
          on 969 (single channel) or hopped over 51ch (3MHz spaced), avoiding +/-20MHz around IFF channels.
          DME dates back to the 1950s.

 966      Astronomy +/-4 MHz

 978....  DME Ground reply X channels, to 1087  (paired with 1xx.x0 MHz) (to +63)
          978 ADS-B Universal Access Transceivers (air+ground) FAA/US for Euro use by 2012 (1MHz bandwidth)
 1025...  DME Air mobile channels, to 1150      (1-126 x 1 MHz channels; 1-16 and 60-69 not used)
          Selected in aircraft by tuning to a paired channel between 108 and 118 MHz
          Pulses transmitted by the aircraft,    returned by the ground station & time difference measured.
 1104...  DME Ground reply Y channels, to 1213  (paired with 1xx.x5 MHz) (to -63)

          TACAN is like DME for slant distance measurement 
          but the return pulses give bearing info instead of using any VHF signal
 
          
 1030     SSR/IFF (Squalk) Ground (secondary radar - rotating), air reply on 1090 (4MHz bandwidth)
          use AM to detect (pulses stand out more over silence than over noise)   [Hear it here!]

          1164 - 1215 future GPS L5 and Galileo downlinks (WRC 2000)
          with 1260-1300 and 5010-5030 - uplinks at 1300-1350 and 5000-5010



-1,215=---microwaves---(1.215 GHz)--------
          Mobile, military, radar, navigation, fixed etc...
 
          Rather specialist, wavelengths of less than 30cm really do allow
          for high gain antennas, with very narrow beamwidths. Cable losses 
          become very noticeable and/or untenable. Mobile "flutter" quite
          severe, mobile systems need many more base stations to cover a given
          area. Most useful uses are direct fixed links, point to point, satellite
          (line of sight), low range etc.
          So - mostly un-interceptable and/or digital.

 1215...  Civil airport radar, to 1350  & radiolocation, satellite

 1246...  Russian GLONASS GPS  L2,  0-12: 1246+n(0.4375)  see 1602



 23cm       [checked and updated 2012]      (RSGB Bandplan 2012)
 1240=... Amateur 23cm band, to 1325=   CW,SSB/FM/TV   secondary

 1240=... Alternative Narrowband/Beacon...
 1240.75  FM/DV repeaters in (see 1249)
 1241=... Data...
 1242=... ATV repeaters in (see 1300)...
 1249=... FM/DV repeaters (spit -8.25 :1240.775...)  future use
          1249.025 to 1249.225 

 1249.25=...
 1250=... CAUTION to avoid interefence to Primary User...
          1260-1270 Amateur Satellite uplinks
 1290=...

 1290.994= repeaters in (see 1297)...
 1291.494=... All modes

 1296=... Preferred Narrowband Segment, to 1297      (MGM=Machine Generated Mode)
          1296...   CW,MGM...
                    1296.0...EME, to 1296.025
                    1296.138 PSK31
          1296.15.. SSB,CW,MGM...  
                    1296.2   Centre of Activity
                    1296.4.. Linear transponder input, to 1296.6
                    1296.5   Image Mode Centre of Activity (SSTV, Fax etc)
                    1296.6   Narrowband Data Centre of Activity (MGM, RTTY etc) 	
                    1296.6.. Linear transponder output, to 1296.7

          1296.75.. Beacons...

 1297...  FM/DV repeaters RM0 to RM19 (split -6 :1291..)
          1297.0   RM0  GB3NO Norwich
          1297.025 RM1   (not in use)
          1297.05  RM2  GB3FM Farnham
          1297.075 RM3  GB3PS Royston,  GB3SE Stoke-on-Trent
          1297.1   RM4   (not in use)
          1297.125 RM5   (not in use)
          1297.15  RM6  GB3MM Wolverhampton
          1297.35  RM14A :1277.35 (-20) GB3AK Alveston
          1297.375 RM15 GB3WC Flockton
         (1297.475 RM19   not in UK yet, like others not listed)
 1297.5.. FM/DV simplex, to 1298=
          1297.50  SM20  FM calling
            to
          1297.725 SM29  DV calling
          1297.75  SM30
          1297.9   Voice Gateways, to 1297.975
 1298=... All Modes, to 1299=  General mixed analogue/digital in 25kHz ch:
          1298.025 RS1
            to           1298.275..German repeaters, to 1298.65 (split -28 :1270..)
          1298.975 RS39  1298.025..French repeaters, to 1298.70 (split -28 :1270..)
 1299=... Data...
 1299.75= FM/DV 25kHz ch:
          1299.775
            to           1299.85 RM0A :1293.85 (-6) GB3BK Romley
          1299.975          
 1300=... ATV
          TV repeater outputs    from 1985 (UK)
-1325= ---




-1,350=------------------
 1,350=...Civil fixed links   (split +142: 1492-1517) new.  JRC links
          1370..Radioastronomy, to 1400

 1,375=...Govt / MoD  links   (split  +52: 1427-1452)
            "radio relay training... wide-band surveillance, video, data links, aeronautical telemetry"
          1394  Civil video links - MPT 1349 standard  (band 1389-1399)

 1,400=...Transmission Prohibited
          Astronomy, Space Research, SETI, Hydrogen Line. Certain frequencies around here
          propagate very well through the universe, so the boffins listen here for extra-
          terrestial transmissions. But surely the little grey men are doing the same thing?
          1420 SETI@Home (+/-1.25MHz)

 1,427=...Govt  links         (split -52: 1375-1400)
          1450... Civil links,    to 1467.5  (split +62.5: 1512.5-1530.0) x

 1,452=...L-Band DAB  & links
          DAB  "23 blocks of spectrum available... 9 of these blocks have been made available for terrestrial use
                using the Eureka 147 technology... availability of the band is not assured until 2007... 
                The remaining 14 blocks are currently earmarked in CEPT for satellite digital radio."
                LA 1452.192-1453.728
                LB 1453.904-1455.440
                LC 1455.616-1457.152
                LD 1457.328-1458.864
                LE 1459.040-1460.576
                LF 1460.752-1462.288
                LG 1462.464-1464.000
                LH 1464.176-1465.712
                LI 1465.888-1467.424

        & Worldspace digital satellite broadcasting 1467-1492 (7025-7075 MHz uplinks)   more
            3 sat.s, each with 3 beams of 2 TDM carriers (one left, one right circular pol.)
            TDMs are QPSK modulated, overall rate of 3.68 Mbit/s - 96 so called Prime Rate Channels
            (PRCs) having 16 kbit/s each. MP3 audio coding. 2.3MHz TDM sep.  detail
            Receivers cover 1453.384 to 1490.644 MHz (52 centers currently: 1467.184-1490.644, 0.460 MHz steps)
            Orbital positions :
              AfriStar  21 East - 1469R 1471L 1478R 1481L (MHz & Pol)  details
              AsiaStar 105 East - 1473R 1475L 1478L 1480R 1488R 1490L  details
              AmeriStar 95 West - (2002)    (details)

          1467.5..Civil links,    to 1472.5  (split +40.0: 1507.5-1512.5) x
          1488.25..JFMG links, to 1490.75

 1,492=...Civil fixed links   (split -142: 1350-1375)
          1507.5..Civil links,    to 1512.5  (split -40.0: 1467.5-1472.5) x
          1512.5..Civil links,    to 1530    (split -62.5: 1450.0-1467.5) x

 1,517=...Civil links, JFMG, one-way, possible future MSS expansion
          1517... JFMG, ant. restrictions :  1517.25 Horizontal  1517.75 Vertical
          1518... JFMG, to 1525  available until further notice from OFCOM

 1,525=...Satellite comms downlinks -   Inmarsat GMDSS etc (uplinks 1626.5-1660.5) (+101.5)  more SpaceChecker
          Thuraya (digital) - (Feeder Links E-S 6425-6725MHz, S-E 3400-3625MHz)
          1535-1544 30kHz FM comms, 25kHz steps : 1535.025... ch 001, to 1543.475 ch 339

 1,559=...Radionavigation, to 1626.5=
          1,575.42 Navstar GPS Nav L1 C/A (military accuracy with 1227.6 L2 +/-14MHz)  spread   (20,231km orbit)
                   The L1 carrier is modulated by all three GPS data streams, C/A, P and Nav/System Data.
                   The L2 carrier is modulated by two GPS data streams, P-code and Nav/System Data.
                   The L3 carrier 1381.05 MHz is a non-navigation signal associated with nuclear burst detection.
                   L4 is 1379.913 MHz (1841.4 MHz had been considered)
                   L5 1176.45 MHz (third 'civil' signal)    band 1166-1186
          1,602... Russian GLONASS L1,  0-12: 1602+n(0.5625)   spread spectrum

 1,610=...Mobile-satellite systems, uplinks (down at -101.5)
          1,610=...LEO MSS, to 1626.5= (up&down) CDMA  i.e. Globalstar, Iridium (TDMA, 780km up)
          1,645.5..Distress EPIRBs, to 1646.5 (Inmarsat E)  1645.6-1645.8?

 1,660.5=.Radioastronomy, to 1668

 1,668=...H.O. links                   (with 1698-1700)

 1,670=...TFTS ground stations (see 1800), possible future MSS   (TFTS "1670.5 and 1671.5")
          Sondes (met & mil), to 1690

 1,675=...Meteo satellite, to 1710
          1,677=...H.O. mobile applications, to 1685
          1,683=...possible future MSS, to 1690
          1,690=...Weather Satellite HRPT (Hi-res pics), to 1710=  NOAA, GOES, MeteoSat.  EUMETSAT:
                   1675.181 DCP, to 1675.381 - 3kHz b/w
                   1675.929 PCM telemetry - 30kHz b/w
                   1686.833 DATTS format - 660kHz bandwidth / Burst PCM 5.4MHz b/w
                   1691     A1 20.5dBW
                   1694.5   A2 19dBW
                      HRI 660kHz b/w, WEEFAX 26kHz b/w
                      MDD ch1 1695.6438, ch2 1695.7250, ch 3 1695.7562, ch4 1695.7874 +/- 15.6kHz (360kHz b/w)

          1,698=...H.O. links, to 1700 (with 1668-1670)

 1,710=...links, radioastronomy, Skynet uplinks, PCN mobile phones, to 1880= :

 1,785=...JFMG 50mW, to 1800=
          1785.7...radio mics, to 1799.3
          1790=... secondary to H.O. links, to 1798

 1,800.30.TFTS in-flight digital phones (air-ground), to 1804.969 (164 x 30.303 kHz channels : ground at -130)
          To be withdrawn (2002 decision) and kept for harmonised use, probably MSS

 1,805=...PCN mobile phone system GSM 1800, to 1880= (split -95: 1710-1785)   UMTS Band III
          Standard : 1805.2 to 1879.8 (374x TDMA 200kHz channels)  Digital duplex. Scrambled. Base continuous. info.
          Channels numbered 512-885      Foreign GSM 1900 (split -80) : 1930.2 (512) - 1989.8 (810)

          1805.2 - 1810.8  O2 (Cellnet)  (ex 1805-1807.5 TFTS guard)
                           (1807.5-1815.5 H.O. Fixed links split: +494.5)
          1811   - 1816.6  Vodafone
          1816.8 - 1846.6  T Mobile (One 2 One)  (ex 1820-1860 links, split: -110)
          1846.8 - 1876.6  Orange
          1876.7=- 1880=   guard-band to protect DECT

          (1873.5-1897.5)  offshore Fixed Links (split: -108)

 1,880=...DECT Digital Euro. Cordless Telephones, to 1900=
          1881.792..ch1, to 1897.344 ch10 (steps of 1.728 MHz)   encrypted,   base continuous (pulses),  less than 250mW
          Single Freq. Duplex (Digital TDMA) - supporting 12 conversations at once per channel

 1,900=...future UMTS, to 1980= (with 2110-2170)  IMT-2000, FPLMTS 3G 3rd generation mobile  issues
          "licences will comprise three of (2x10)+5MHz (C,D,E), one of 2x15MHz (B) and one of (2x15)+5 MHz (A)."
          WRC 2000 added 806-960, 1710-1885, 2500-2690 (Satellite 2500-2520 & 2670-2690),
          and for satellite: 1525-1544 & 1545-1559, 1610-1626.5 & 1626.5-1645.5 & 1646.5-1660.5, 2483.5-2500
          1900=.. single, to 1920=
                  1902.4 D
                  1907.4 E
                  1912.4 C
                  1917.4 A
                  1919.9= guardband, to 1920=
          1920=.. paired, to 1980=  mobile/uplink   see +190 (2110-2170)

 1,980=...MSS, to 2010
 2,010=...3G licence-exempt band, to 2025   (first carrier 2013 or higher, last 2022.2)

 2,025=...FWA, to 2110 (with 2200-2290)  "2 x 45 MHz identified by CEPT as harmonised bands for tactical radio relay."
          JFMG 20-100W Not within 5km of Bude or Menwith Hill

 2,110=...3G Base/Downlink, to 2170= (split -190: 1920-1980)  12 x 5MHz channels on a 0.2MHz raster (some overlap)
          2110.0= guardband, to 2110.3=                       freq. = 2075.2 + (ch * 0.2)   Dec(99)25  UMTS Band I
          2112.8  A (A has 14.6MHz)   2112.8 is lowest allowed carrier (ch 188), 2167.2 highest (ch 460)
          2117.6  A
          2122.4  A
          2124.9=
          2127.4  C (C has 10MHz)
          2132.4  C
          2134.9=
          2137.4  B
          2142.?  B (B has 14.8MHz)  must be 5MHz between operators, less is OK for one operator
          2147.2  B
          2149.7=
          2152.2  D (D&E have 10MHz each)
          2157.2  D
          2162.2  E
          2167.2  E
          2169.7= guardband, to 2170.0=

 2,170=...MSS, to 2200 (and 1980-2010)

 2,200=...SKYNET satellites telemetry downlinks, to 2290

          "Sat. Telecommand, Telemetry and Control (TT&C) ... at 1760 - 1840 MHz for the command uplinks"

 2,300... Airborne Telemetry, to 2330 (extension to 2400)

 2,310=...Ham 13cm band, to  2,450=      (2360 UK Police A-G Video?)
           "military fixed, telemetry and mobile.. long-range airborne telemetry links are particularly protected."

 2,400=...deregulated band, to 2483.5  (WiFi 802.11b 11Mbps, 802.11g 54Mbps)
          Some FWA in Scotland
          JFMG video links & cameras, to 2.68  (20MHz channels?)   (+ some video senders)
          2402..  Bluetooth digital SRD ch0, to 2480 ch78 (79 x 1MHz channels) within 2401.5= to 2480.5=
                    1600 hops per sec over 32 channels
          2402..  FHSS ch2, to 2480 ch80
          2403..  HomeRF, to 2477 (75 x 1MHz OR 5 x 15MHz channels)
          2446..  Auto.Vehic.Ident. (500mW) and RFID (up to 4W), to 2454
          2450    ISM, your microwave oven (2455). Really.

          PRR Personal Role Radio (mil)  more (435MHz remote PTT)
          "2,400 - 2483 MHz, 256 Channels available, 100 mW, QPSK (Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum)"

 2,483.5=.MSS, to 2500=

 2,500=...see 2,620

 2,570=...UMTS TDD, to 2,620
 2,620=...UMTS Band VIII, FDD IMT-E, to 2,690= (split -120: 2500-2570)  4G LTE    14 x 5MHz ch?

 2,700=...Radar, to 3100  - 10cm band
          2700-2900 "airfield surveillance and traffic control radars for civil aviation, and military airfields."
          2900-3100 "Civil maritime, air traffic control and range safety radars, together with naval radars."

 3.100=...Mil radio location, to 3400
          "heavily used for high-powered land, airborne and naval radars with a considerable geographical spread"

          3400-3600 "MoD assigns some frequencies for airborne and naval radars and for radar development."
             "also agreed to civil use of this band for mobile TV Outside Broadcasts and for civil FWA."
 3,400=...Ham  9cm band, to  3,475=

 3,442=...Police helicopter video downlinks, to 3475

 3,475.6=.FWA/RFA/RLL, to 3,492.688  (split -50: 3425-3442)   used by Ionica 1993-??(97?)
          2001 report : 3425-3442 paired with 3476-3493, 2x17MHz (51MHz duplex)

 3,500=...PMSE, to 3600 - 5 video channels

 3,605=...FWA, to 3689 (3925-4009) 2x36MHz "currently used by Tele-2"

 3,675=...C-Band satellite TV, to 4,200=

 4,200=...Mil/Civil aircraft precision radar altimeters and ground proximity warning systems, to 4400=

 4,400=...NATO harmonised military fixed and mobile services, to 5000= "fixed links between military establishments"
          "wide-band channels for 'down-the-hill' high capacity links for tactical area communications systems."
          Future tropospheric scatter systems, wideband, "ranges in excess of 300 kilometres"

 5,000=...Microwave Landing System, to 5,150=

 5,150=...RLAN Short Range  High Data Rate  Nomadic Equipment, to 5,875=
          (802.11a), to 5350
          5,250=...EESS, to 5460
          5,350=...radar...  "Military tactical radars use 5250-5850 for short to medium range functions"
          5,650=...Ham  6cm band, to  5,850=

          5,795=...RTTT (Road to vehicle systems), to 5.805 (possibly to 5.815) tolls etc.  DEC(02)01
                   with 63-64 GHz (vehicle-to-vehicle or road-to-vehicle) and 76-77 GHz (radar)

 7,125=...Fixed to 8500 - ERO prefered channels

 7,250=...UK SKYNET fixed satellite down-links (MSS down at 7250-7300), to 7750
          "The up-link is engineered at 7900-8400  with 7900-7950 MHz for MSS up-links"
          "the primary military link to UK forces overseas. The satellite allocation is a harmonised NATO band"
          Mil. downlink band 7300-7750 MHz is shared with civil fixed links

          8500-10125 "allocated to the radiolocation service although the band 9300-9500 is primarily
          for radio navigation. The band is widely used for military radars including battlefield radar, 
          surveillance radars at ranges and MoD DPA sites, precision approach radars at many airfields and
          on naval vessels for missile control and tracking. Assignments exist also for wide band data links"

 9,000    Radar, to 9500  - 3cm band

10,000=...Ham  3cm band, to 10,150= - and 10,300= to 10,500=
10,065    TV repeater o/p
          FWA service at 10.125-10.225 paired with 10.475-10.575
          "MoD manages the band 10.125-10.5 GHz for high discrimination radars, some of which are in development
           or on trial, and airborne data links"

10,500    SRD - movement detectors

10,680=...Space research, to 10.7=



-10,700=--(10.7 GHz)-----------
          Satellite TV, Ku band - Astra,Eutelsat,Intelsat etc. (35,876km up)
          "FREE TO AIR Mpeg2 SATELLITE RADIO" (with bit rates)

 10,700=..FSS (fixed sat. service)
 11,700=..BSS (DBS - Band VI)
 12,500=..Telecom


-12,750=-----------------------
          These are really small radio wavelengths...

          Fixed links - 23/25/38GHz bands, 32, 51.4-52.6, 55.78-59

 13,250=.."aeronautical radio navigation and radiolocation. The band is widely used for
          airborne doppler radars and naval radars", to 14=
 14,620=..harmonised NATO band, to 15.23 - "fixed and mobile communications and airborne data links.
          The band is also used for short-range radio relay and fixed links"
 15,700=..MoD, to 17.3 - "wideband data, command links, trial radars, survey, distance measuring and
          civil airfield movement control radar devices"   15.7-17.1 NATO harmonised
 20,200=..harmonised NATO band, to 21.2 "planned for down-link military mobile satellite systems,
          paired with the up-links at 43.5-45.5 GHz ... some USAF systems use this band in the UK."
          "There is great pressure for this band to be used for civil satellite systems of non-NATO countries"

 24,000=..Ham  12mm band, to  24.25=   and SRD movement detectors
 26,500=..NATO harmonised, to 27.5=    fixed and mobile "planned for wide band systems"
 27,500=..Fixed/Fixed Satellite '28GHz Band', to 29.5=
          28-28.5 BFWA Broadband Fixed Wireless Access, with 29-29.5  'forward and return channels of 112 MHz'
          (28.0525-28.4445 with 29.0605-29.4525)
 29,500=..Satellite Interactive Terminals, to 30=
 30,000=..NATO harmonised, to 31=    no MoD use but paired with 20.2-21.2
 31,300=..EESS, Space Research, Radioastronomy, to 31.8
 31,800=..Fixed Links, to 33.4  "All SRDs are to be withdrawn from this band by 31st December 2003"
 33,400=..NATO harmonised radiolocationn, to 36= "Naval, land and airborne tracking radars"
 36,000=..NATO harmonised, to 37=   "military fixed and mobile services: there is no current use"
 39,500=..NATO harmonised, to 40.5= "planned for satellite systems.. paired with 50.4-51.4 .. no current use"
 40,500=..future ITC 7mm MVDS Multipoint Video Distribution, to 42.5=
 47,000=..Ham   6mm band, to  47,200=
 59,000=..UK : fixed, mobile and radiolocation services, to 64=  "MoD manages the mobile and radiolocation usage"
          59 - 61 NATO harmonised
 63,000   2nd Phase Road Traffic and Transport Telematics
 71,000=..Fixed, Fixed satellite, Mobile, and Mobile satellite services, to 74
 75,500=..Ham   4mm band, to  76,000=    until 31.dec.2006
 76,000   Vehicle Radar Systems
 77,000=..MoD Radiolocation. to 81=  "Trials are current"
 77,500=..Ham   4mm band, to  78,000=    from   1.jan.2003 (and 78-81 secondary)
 81,000=..Fixed, Fixed satellite, Mobile, and Mobile satellite services, to 84
 86,000=..EESS, Space Research, to 92=
 92,000=..Fixed, Fixed satellite, Mobile and Radiolocation services, to 95=   Mod "Trials are current"
 95,000=..Mobile, Mobile satellite, Radio navigation satellite, short range radiolocation devices, to 100=
134,000=..Ham   2mm band, to 136,000=   from   1.jan.2003  (and 122.25-123 + 136-141 secondary)
142,000=..Ham   2mm band, to 144,000=   until 31.dec.2006
248,000=..Ham 1.2mm band, to 250,000= (and from 2003, 241-248 GHz secondary)

          Radio or Far Infra-Red? There's a bit of overlap near 1mm wavelengths...


-275,000=-----(275 GHz)--------
          Far Infra-Red, to 25,000 GHz  (over 1mm to 12µm)


-25,000,000=--(25 THz)---------
          Infra-red


-441 THz=----------------------   
          Visible wavelengths. Otherwise known as "Light". Red to Violet (680-420nm)
          Some of my favourite frequencies. Green is rather nice.
         
         
         
-714 THz=----------------------
          Near Ultraviolet. 300nm-180nm

http://ledmuseum.home.att.net/ledleft.htm
370-390nm Ultraviolet
400-418nm Violet
430-485nm Blue
495-505nm Turquoise
525nm     Green
555-575mn Yellow/Green
585-595nm Yellow
595-605nm Amber
605-620nm Orange
620-635nm Orange/Red
640-700nm Red
700-1300nm Infra-red

-1,666 THz=--------------------
          Far Ultraviolet 180nm-91nm


-3,289 THz=--------------------
          Extreme Ultraviolet 91nm-10nm
          912-100 Angstroms

          (or UV A 380-320nm, UV B 320-290nm (middle), UV C 290-10nm)

-30,000,000,000=--(30 PHz)-----
          X-rays 10nm-10pm
          100-0.1 Angstroms 


-30,000,000,000,000=-(30 EHz)--
          Gamma rays 10pm-100fm and beyond

That's enough. Obsessive? Me? Hehe.. wonder what a "profiler" would say about all this!





Frequency  multiplied by wavelength     gives 300,000,000 m/s - the speed of light...
                                           or 299,792,458 to be more exact.

300 mHz > 3000 mHz       1Gm > 100Mm    easier to count s/cycle than c/s !
  3 Hz  >   30 Hz        100Mm > 10Mm   VERY long waves! Natural 'Earth' waves
 30 Hz  >  300 Hz   ELF  10Mm > 1Mm     Bass!
300 Hz  > 3000 Hz   ILF  1000km > 100km Voice frequencies (sound)
  3 kHz >   30 kHz  VLF  100km > 10km
 30 kHz >  300 kHz   LF  10km > 1km
300 kHz > 3000 kHz   MF  1km > 100m
  3 MHz >   30 MHz   HF  100m > 10m
 30 MHz >  300 MHz  VHF  10m > 1m
300 MHz > 3000 MHz  UHF  1m > 10cm
  3 GHz >   30 GHz  SHF  10cm > 1cm
 30 GHz >  300 GHz  EHF  1cm > 1mm      mainly experimental
300 GHz >   30 THz  THF  1mm > 10um     limits of radio / far infra-red
 30 THz >  300 THz       10um > 1um     infra-red light
300 THz > 3000 THz       1um > 100nm    infra red > visible > ultra violet (near & far)
  3 PHz >   30 PHz       100nm > 10nm   extreme ultra violet
 30 PHz >   30 EHz       10nm > 10pm    x-rays
 30 EHz >                10pm >         Gamma rays 


1 micron   = 1 micrometre = 1um = 1000nm = one thousandth of a mm

10 Angstrom = 1 nanometre  i.e.  5000A=500nm   1A=0.1nm=100pm

X unit (Xu) = approx. 0.001002 angstrom, or 100.2 femtometres, defined by
M. Siegbahn in 1925. Formerly used for measuring the wavelength of X rays
and gamma rays now measured in picometres (pm) or femtometres (fm).

1 Fermi = 1fm = about the size of an atom's nucleus






Metric prefixes


Ten to the power of
-33               vunkto v
-30               wekto  w
-27               xonto  x
-24               yocto  y
-21               zepto  z
-18               atto   a   Greek: atten = eighteen
-15               femto  f   Greek: fempten = fifteen
-12 (trillionth)  pico   p   'little bit'
 -9 (billionth)   nano   n   nanos = dwarf
 -6 (millionth)   micro  u   mikros = small
 -3 (thousandth)  milli  m   mille = thousand
 -2 (hundredth)   centi  c   centum = hundred
 -1 (tenth)       deci   d   decimus = tenth
  1 (ten)         deca   da  deka = ten
  2 (hundred)     hecto  h   hekaton = hundred
  3 (thousand)    kilo   k   Greek: Khilioi = 1000
( 4 (ten thous.)  myria  my  myriad = 10000 ) an old one! (info)
  6 (million)     mega   M   megas = great
  9 (billion)     giga   G   gigas = giant
 12 (trillion)    tera   T   teras = monster
 15 (quadrillion) peta   P   pente = five  (General Conference of Weights and Measures 1975)
 18 (quintillion) exa    E   hex = six
 21 (sextillion)  zetta  Z   z in latin  (General Conference of Weights and Measures 1990)
 24 (septillion)  yotta  Y   y in latin
 27 (octillion)   xona   X   x in latin
 30 (nonillion)   weka   W   w in latin  (bronto b/B is a myth)
 33 (decillion    vunda  V   v in latin
 36 (undecillion)
 39 (dodecillion)        These American terms obviously increment by one per
 42 (tredecillion)       thousand. In Europe however, we prefer to do it by
 45 (quattuordecillion)  millions. Thus a Euro billion is a million millions
 48 (quindecillion)      and not a thousand millions.
 51 (sexdecillion)
 99 (dotrigintillion)
100 (googol)            
120 (novemtrigintillion)
303 (centillion)
googol (googolplex)





Gloss.

ACARS   Air Comms Addressing/Reporting System
AM      Amplitude Modulation (power output varies with modulation, can cause interference)
AMR     Automatic Meter Reading
CB      Citizens Band (or Complete B*llocks)
CBS     Common Base Station - PBR via a dealer who supplies equipment and airtime
        A.K.A. Community Repeaters.
        Each set of users have their own CTCSS tone so they don't hear any other groups
CDMA    Code-Division Multiple Access ("random" hopping/spread spectrum)
        two users in the same band won't be on the same channel at the same time
        ..or at least not for long
COFDM   Coded Orthogonal Freq. Division Multiplex (cough dee-em; NOT Cod FM!)
CSR     Coastal Station Radio (international channels or private)
CTCSS   Continuous Tone Coded Squelch System
CW      Continuous Wave (for Morse) - as opposed to spark transmissions
DAB     Digital Audio Broadcasting
DGPS    Differential GPS (sends details of the current GPS error)
DME     Distance Measuring Equipment
DSI     Detailed Spectrum Investigation (survey)
EPIRB   Emergency Position-Indicating Radio Beacon
ERP     Effective Radiated Power (takes antenna system gain/loss into account)
GLONASS GLObal NAvigation Satellite System (GLObal'naya Navigatsionnay Sputnikovaya Sistema)
GPS     Global Positioning System
H.O.    Home Office (govt dept)
Hz      Hertz - one cycle per second. MHz is millions per second.
EESS    Earth Exploration Sat. Service
ERMES   European Radio MESsaging - paging standard
ETACS   Extended TACS
FDMA    Freq. Div. Multiple Access (sharing a system using different freq.s - i.e. trunking)
FM      Frequency Modulation (freq varies with modulation, fixed power causes less problems)
FSK     Freq. Shift Keying
FWA     Fixed Wireless Access
ILR     Independent Local Radio
INR     Independent National Radio
ISM     Industrial/Scientific/Medical
JFMG    Joint Frequency Management Group (SAB)
JRC     Joint Radio Co.
LEO     Low Earth Orbit
LPD     Low Power Devices
MBR     Maritime Business Radio
MSS     Mobile Satellite Service
PAMR    Public Access Mobile Radio (like CBS, but trunked, over wider areas. Some telephone access too)
PBR     Private Business Radio (OFCOM's new preferred term)
PMR     Private Mobile Radio (what everyone else calls it)
PMSE    Program Making & Special Events
POCSAG  A paging standard
RDS     Radio Data System (57kHz sub-carrier on the audio modulation)
RMR     Remote... see AMR
RQAS    Radio Quality Assurance Scheme (ISO 9000)
RSL     Restricted Service Licence (short term broadcast)
SAB     Services Ancillary to Broadcasting
SAP     ..to Program making
SAR     Search and Rescue
SETI    Search for Extra-Terrestial Ignorance
SOLAS   Safety Of Life At Sea (meetings)
SSB     Single Side-Band ("half" of AM, with the carrier suppressed) USB Upper or LSB Lower
SRBR    Short Range Business Radio
SRD     Short Range Devices
STH     Short Term Hire (now called "Suppliers Light")
TACS    Total Access Comms System
TDMA    Time Division Multiple Access  (in-turn sharing of a freq.)
TETRA   TErestial Trunked RAdio (or "how the police will avoid your monitoring")

International Allocation Tables

[links not checked for many years, sorry]

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2012 : Sorry if any links fail, too many to check! You could always let me know (hint!!!)
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Interesting links

The Wireless Telegraphy (Exemption) Regulations 2003
Public Safety Spectrum Policy Group
Digital Modes Samples